THE SKELETON 63 



4. Draw the caudal aspect of the fourth cervical vertebra. 



5. What feature common to all cervical vertebrae except seventh but not 

 present in any other vertebra? 



6. Draw cranial aspect of atlas and label all features. 



7. Compare the third and seventh cervical vertebrae. 



8. What two features serve to distinguish the lumbar from all other vertebrae? 



9. Draw the cranial aspect of the second lumbar vertebra and label all 

 features. 



10. Wherein does the seventh lumbar vertebra differ from the first? 



1 1 . How do you distinguish the caudal from the cranial aspect of any vertebra? 



12. Draw ventral aspect of sacrum and label all features. 



13. Give the two features distinguishing the caudal vertebrae from all others. 



14. Note the size and direction of the spinous process throughout the column. 



15. Describe the variation in number of the different groups of vertebrae in 

 other mammals. 



16. Draw lateral aspect of sternum and label all features. 



17. Describe the attachment of ribs to sternum. 



18. What features common to all the ribs? 



19. Name ribs having a tubercle. 



20. Draw first rib and label all features. 



21. Draw cranial aspect of ninth rib and label all features. 



22. How do you distinguish a false rib from a true rib? 



23. What features make the caudal aspect of a rib? 



24. Make a drawing showing the articulation of a rib with the spinal column 

 and label all parts. 



25. How do ribs vary as to number in mammals? 



THE THORACIC LIMB 



The thoracic or fore-limb of the cat is composed of a scapula, 

 clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, seven carpals, five metacarpals, 

 and fourteen phalanges (Fig. 22). The scapula and clavicle 

 form the shoulder girdle. 



The scapula, commonly called the shoulder-blade (Fig. 31), 

 is not articulated with the bones of the trunk, but is held in posi- 

 tion by the serratus magnus, levator anguli scapulae, and other 

 less important muscles. It articulates with the head of the 

 humerus by the glenoid cavity. It presents three well-marked 

 borders: the cranial or anterior, the vertebral, and the axillary 

 adjacent to the vertebrae on the side near the axilla or armpit. 



