THE SKELETON 53 



16. What bones enter into the formation of the brain cavity? 



17. Write about 200 words describing the nasal cavity. 



18. Draw a ventro-lateral aspect of the tympanic bulla and label all features. 



19. Write a description of the tympanic bulla and name some mammals in 

 which it is absent. 



20. Which bones of the skull are composed of more parts in the young than in 

 the -adult? 



21. Name the principal sutures of the skull. 



22. Name the parts of the sphenoid bone in the order of size. 



23. Name the bones of the skull visible from the dorsal aspect. 



24. Name the bones of the skull visible from the cranial aspect. 



25. W'hat bone of the cranium paired in the cat is single in man? 



26. What bone present in face of the cat is wanting as a separate element in 

 man? 



27. Draw lateral aspect of mandible and label all features. 



28. Name the bones bearing the teeth. 



29. Name the elements of hyoid apparatus in order. 



30. Draw a section of the frontal bone showing diploe. 



31. Describe the difference between the relative locations of the cranial and 

 facial portions of the skull in cat and man. 



S2. Name five membrane bones and five cartilage bones. 



VERTEBRAE 



The vertebral column is composed of the following five 

 groups of vertebrae; seven cervical, thirteen thoracic, seven 

 lumbar, three sacral, and caudal varying from four to twenty- 

 six. The following six features are common to all of the verte- 

 brae in the first four groups except the atlas: (i) the body 

 of the vertebra (Fig. 23), which forms the floor of the neural 

 canal and articulates with the adjacent vertebra by means of 

 interposed discs of cartilage; (2) the transverse processes, which 

 project laterad from the body or from the walls of the neural 

 canal; (3) a spinous process, which projects dorsad from the 

 roof of the neural canal; (4) the vertebral arch, composed of a 

 pedicle on either side, forming the ventrolateral walls of the 

 vertebral canal, and the la mince, extending dorsad from the 

 pedicles to complete the dorsal wall of the neural canal; (5) 

 the intervertebral notch, which, with the notch of the succeeding 

 vertebra, forms the intervertebral foramen for the exit of a 

 spinal nerve; (6) the articular processes, two of which project 



