44 



ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY 

 IC 



Fig. i8. — Ventral Aspect of the Skull with the Left Auditory Bulla 



Removed. 



asp, Alisphenoid; ap, anterior palatine foramina; hs, basisphenoid, bl, auditory 

 bulla; bo, basioccipital; c, canine tooth; e, petrous portion of the temporal; en, 

 occipital condyle; ea, external acoustic meatus; eh, opening of the Eustachian 

 tube;/r, frontal; /w, foramen magnum; gc, mandibular fossa; gn, postmandibular 

 process; hm, hamular process of the pterygoid; ic, incisor tooth; if, infraorbital 

 foramen; in, incus; jg, jugular foramen; Id, lambdodial ridge; mx, maxilla; ml, 

 molar tooth; mp, mastoid process; ms, mastoid portion of the temporal; ma, 

 malar; m, malleus; osp, orbitosphenoid; ov, foramen ovale; p, presphenoid; pi, 

 palatine; pt, pterygoid; pn, promontory of the petrous; po, postorbital process; 

 pr, premolar teeth; pm, premaxillary; rd, fenestra cochlear; rl, foramen rotun- 

 dum; st, stapes; sg, squamosal; sf, stylomastoid foramen; tc, carotid foramen, 

 or foramen lacerum medius; vm, vomer, forming the septum between the pos- 

 terior nares; sg, zygomatic process of squamosal. 



