30 



ELEMENTS OF MAMMALIAN ANATOMY 



shape: ethmoid and vertebra. The aspect of a bone is the 

 portion seen when viewed from a given direction. The bor- 

 der of a bone is the margin, edge, or ridge at the juncture of 

 two surfaces. Proximal is used to designate the portion of a 



Fig. 13. — Longitudinal Section 

 OF THE Humerus of a Kitten. 

 h. Epiphysis for head; c, cartilage; 

 h, bone; m, medullary substance; o, 

 epiphysis for olecranon process. 



Fig. 14. — Longitudinal Section of 

 THE Femur. 

 md. Medullary cavity; d and h, can- 

 cellous tissue; tr, cancellous tissue of 

 trochanter process; h, compact bony 

 tissue. 



structure nearer the axis or spinal column, in distinction to 

 distal, which signifies the part farther removed from the axis. 

 Cranial indicates the part of an organ nearer to the plane 

 passing just beyond the head and perpendicular to the spinal 

 axis, while caudal is applied to the other part of the organ 

 nearer to the perpendicular plane at the end of the extended 

 tail. 



