THE MUSCLES 



12^ 



The muscles in the different orders of mammals have the 

 same general arrangement. Over four hundred muscles occur- 

 ring in the cat are found in man and have approximately 

 the same relative location and function, and the same nerve- 

 supply. The size and the shape of the muscles may vary 

 somewhat in accordance with the habits of 

 the animal. The pectoralis in the cat 

 consists of five parts, while in man there are 

 only two parts. The biceps is a simple 

 muscle in the cat, but in man it has two 

 well defined heads. The muscles for mov- 

 ing the ear, which are well developed in 

 the horse, cow, and cat, are exceedingly 

 rudimentary in man. The Cetacea and 

 Sirenia possess fewer muscles than the other 

 orders of mammals, as they have no hind- 

 limbs. These few remarks serve to show 

 that a familiarity with the muscles of any 

 one mammal guarantees a general knowl- 

 edge of the muscular system of all mammals. 



m^Ji 



If' 



t 



1/^ 



-ac 



Fig. 59. — Caudal Aspect of the Muscles of the i 



Crus and Foot with the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, \ 



AND Plantaris Removed. ah' 



ad. Adductor; ac, tendon of Achilles; eg, external head 

 of gastrocnemius; fb, flexor brevis digitorum cut at x and 

 turned aside; /J, flexor longus digitorum;^, flexor longus 

 hallucis; i, peroneus longus; /, peroneus brevis; Ip, tendi- 

 nous loop through which pass the tendons of the flexor 

 brevis digitorum and the flexor longus digitorum; n, cut 

 tendons oi fb\ o, plantaris over the tuberosity of the os 

 calcis; p, tendon of the peroneus brevis; pi, tendon of the 

 plantaris, whose proximal portion is cut away; r, tendon 

 of the flexor longus digitorum pedis cut off as it passes 

 through the slit in the flexor brevis digitorum ; s, tendon fr~^^ 

 of the flexor brevis digitorum split for the transmi^ion of i"* -' 

 the tendon of the flexor longus digitorum; so, soleus; 

 /, tendon of the flexor longus hallucis; x, plantaris giv- 

 ing origin to the flexor brevis digitorum. 



./ 



fj> 



I 



