46 HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY ^ NEUROPHYSIOLOGY I 



'i-yanuC 



Strasssui 



FIG. 31. Goltz and one of his decorticate dogs. (Studio portraits of man and dog are reproduced 

 here by the tcind permission of Dr. Paul Dell.) 



pairment of mu.scular movement. The cause of cere- 

 bral localization was taken up by his son-in-law, 

 Auburtin (263), who predicted that a lesion would 

 be found in the anterior lobes of an aphasic patient 

 who was at that time in the hospital of Bicetre under 

 the surgeon Pierre Broca. Autopsy confirmed Aubur- 

 tin's prediction, pinpointing the lesion in the left 

 anterior lobe. The next aphasic patient on Broca's 

 service was found at autopsy to have an even more 

 discrete lesion — in what is known to this day as 

 Broca's area ('-64)- The name of Auburtin has been 

 forgotten, as has Broca's term 'aphemia' for aphasia. 



Broca's speech area (the left third frontal convolu- 

 tion) which he thought to be concerned with articula- 

 tion was to be challenged by Pierre Marie (265) in 

 the twentieth century, but the new concept of cerebral 

 localization de\eloped like a wave in the later 1800's 

 • — a wave that is only now beginning partially to 



263. AuBERTiN, Ernst (18-25- )■ Considerations sur les 

 localisations cerebrales, et en particulier sur le siege de la 

 faculte du langage articule. Ga:^. hehd. med. et chir. 10: 318, 

 348, 397. 455. 1863. 



264. Broca, Pierre Paul (1824-1880). Perte dc parole, 

 ramoUissement chronique et destruction du lobe anterieur 

 gauche du cerveau. Bull. soc. anthropol. Paris 2: 235, 1861. 



265. Marie, Pierre (1853- 1940). Revision de la question de 

 I'aphasie; la troisieme circonvolution frontale gauche ne 

 joue aucun role special dans la fonction du langage. Sem. 

 med. Paris 26: 241, 1906. 



recede. For the physiologists the impressive experi- 

 ments were those of Goltz of Strasbourg who, after 

 starting with frogs (266}, mastered the technique of 

 keeping warm-blooded animals ali\e for prolonged 

 periods after drastic extirpations of large portions of 

 their brains (267). Three of his dogs became famous. 

 The first two survived 57 and 92 days respectively, 

 the third being purposely sacrificed at 18 months. 

 Goltz exhibited them at international congresses, 

 killed one of them before an audience and gave their 

 brains to Langley in Foster's laboratory to dissect 

 (268, 269). Sherrington's participation in the necropsy 

 of one of these dogs was the subject of his first pub- 

 lished paper (in 1884) (270). All who witnessed the 

 remarkable degree of retention of sensibility and 



266. Goltz, Friedrich Leopold (1834-1902). Beilrcige z"r 

 Lehre den Funktionen der Nervenz.enlren des Frosches. Berlin : 

 Hirschwald, i86g. 



267. Goltz, F. L. Der Hund ohne Grosshirn. .irch. ges. Physiol. 

 51: 570, 1892. 



268. Langlev, J. N. Report on the parts destroyed on the 

 right side of the brain of the dog operated on by Professor 

 Goltz. J. Physiol. 4: 286, 1883. 



269. L.ANGLEV, J. N. AND A. S. Grunbaum. On the degenera- 

 tion resulting from removal of the cerebral cortex and 

 corpora striata in the dog. J. Physiol. 1 1 : 606, 1890. 



270. Langlev, J. N. and 0. S. Sherrington. Secondary de- 

 generation of nerve tracts following removal of the cortex 

 of the cerebrum in the dog. J. Physiol. 5: 49, 1884. 



