776 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



NEUROPHYSIOLOGY I 



Roller's nucleus 



equilibrium and, 558 

 Rotation 



perception of, 554 

 Ruffini end organs 



as warm receptors, 434 



Saccule 



anatomy of, 551 



function, 557 

 Saltatory conduction: see Conduction, 



saltatory 

 Salty taste 



substances giving, 3 1 6 

 Scheiner principle 



accommodation and, 659 

 Schwalbe's nucleus 



equilibrium and, 558 

 Sceptic adaptation 



electroretinogram and, 699 



retinal sensiti%ity in, 699 

 Second sensory area 



conscious pain sensation, 495 



in man, 494 

 Second somatic area 



relation to spinothalamic system, 418 

 Seizures, general : see Convulsions, gen- 

 eralized; Epilepsy 

 Self-selection studies 



see also Behavior, Appetitive behavior. 

 Conditioned reflex 



intragastric osmotic pressure and, 529 



taste and, 527 

 Semicircular canals, 553-556 



action of, 553 



adequate stimulation to, 553 



anatomy of, 550 



bidirectional function, 554 



endolymph flow in, 553 



functions, 549 



hydrodynamic theory, 553 



inadequate stimulus, 556 



stimulation of, 553-556 

 Sensorimotor cortex 



repetitive stimulation and, 42 1 

 Sensory cortex: see Sensory systems 

 Sensory nerve fibers 



direct stimulation of, 45*2 



peripheral, 468 

 Sensory neurons 



inhibition of, 379 



scheme for proprioception, 379 

 Sensory plexuses 



cutaneous, 467 



subcutaneous, 467 

 Sensory reaction time: see Sensory systems 

 Sensory systems, 365-759 



see also Receptors; specific systems 



central control of, 741-759 



correlation, 3 1 1 



cortex 



periodic excitability change, 309 



electrophysiological methods, 389 



interaction in, 752 



pathways 



anesthesia and, 752, 755 



as determined by lesions, 420 



central control of, 741 



peripheral receptive fields 



projection upon central neurons, 405 

 size, 404 



receptors, see Receptors 



reticular formation and, 421 



stimulus intensity 



reaction time and, 473 

 Sensory units 



description, 123 



patterns of information, 1 25 



receptise fields, 125 



steady states and, 1 26 

 Serotonin : see 5-Hydroxytryptamine 

 Skin 



abnormal pain innervation, 467 



analgesic spot, 466 



as thermopile bolometer, 442 



conduction of heat, 437 



sensations from, 390-394 



sensory plexuses in, 467 



temperature gradient in, 453 



thermosensitive areas, 43 1 

 Skin receptors 



reaction to stimuli, 366 

 Skin temperature 



change and adaptation, 439 

 Sky myopia : see Myopia 

 Smell: see Olfaction 

 Smooth muscle : see Muscle 

 Sodium conductance 



membrane potential 

 changes and, 62 

 Sodium ions 



acetylcholine action and, 210 



receptor potentials and, 136, 137 



relation to excitation, 62-65,93,94, 1 18, 



"9 



relation to inhibition, 70 

 Sodium potential 



membrane potential and, 168 

 Sodium theory 



action potential and, 118, 119 



proof of, 62-65 

 Solid angle 



definition, 665 

 Somatic afferent systems: see Sensory 



systems 

 •Somesthetic discrimination 



postcentral cortex and, 425 

 Sound stimulation 



of labyrinth, 557 

 Sour taste 



electric current and, 523 



pH and, 513 

 Spatial summation 



in olfactory bulb, 537 



m optic nerve, 723 



in optic pathway, 723 



synaptic, 66 

 Spike potentials 



antidromic, 67 



invertebrate muscle 



quarternary ammonium compounds 

 and, 244 



IS spike, 67 



SD spike, 67 

 Spinal cord 



see also Dorsal columns 



anterolateral column and pain fibers, 

 486 



ascending relays 



central control of, 745-747 

 reticular formation and, 745 



association pain and temperature fibers, 

 484 



lesions, pain and, 464 



neurons, periodic excitability, 310 



pain fibers in, 479, 483-487 

 Spinothalamic system, 415-419, 484-492 



as sensory path, 415 



ipsilateral pathways, 419 



modaUty organization, 418 



origin, 4 1 7 



pain paths in, 484-492 



posterior nuclear thalamic group and, 

 418 



reticular activating system and, 42 1 



second somatic area and, 148 



tactile fibers in, 416 



termination, 417 



topical organization, 418 

 Spreading depression 



conditions for production, 324 



cortical maturity and, 324 



d.c. changes and, 323-325 



species variation, 324 



spikes and, 67 

 Static stimuli: see Equilibrium 

 Statocysts 



invertebrate, 382, 383 

 Steady potential: see DC. potentials 

 Stiles-Crawford effect 



definition, 666 

 Stray light 



eye and, 648 



pupillography in, 667 



source for eye, 667 

 Strength-duration relation 



anatomical determinants, 98 



Blair's equation for, 97 



formula, 98 

 Stretch receptors 



central control of, 743, 744 



efferent control of, 743 

 Striate cortex 



see Visual cortex 



