764 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



NEUROPHYSIOLOGY I 



Ametropia 



correction, 655 



definition, 655 

 Amino acids 



action on synapses, i 77 

 7-Aminobutyric acid 



action on synapses, 177 



inhibitory synapses and, 162 



mode of action, 1 78 

 Amygdala 



lesions in, 351 



stimulation of, 351 

 Analeptics 



electrical discharge and, 340 

 Anesthesia 



auditory cortical activity and, 599 



brain excitability and, 308 



hyperpathia and, 477 



medial lemniscal system and, 406 



olfactory bulb activity and, 541, 542 



reticular formation inhibition and, 745 



sensory pathways and, 752, 755 



sensory responses and, 747 



sensory somatic stimuli and, 423 

 Anesthetics 



central neuron escitability and, 389 

 Angular acceleration 



threshold for perception of, 554 

 Annelids 



see also Invertebrates 



eye, camera style, 638 

 Anoxia 



cochlear microphonic and, 577 



cochlear summating potential and, 578 



convulsions 



reticular formation and, 339 

 theory, 344 



d.c. potential and, 318 



EEG and, 339 



pre- and postsynaptic potentials and, 

 302 

 Aphakia 



definition, 656 



ultraviolet light and, 666 

 Appetitive behavior 



see also Behavior; Self-selection studies; 

 Conditioned reflex 



taste and, 527 

 Aqueous humor 



index, 656 

 Arterial pressure 



brain excitability and, 308 

 Arteries 



volume change and pain, 463 

 Arthropods 



see also In\ertebrates; Insects; Crusta- 

 ceans 



camera style eyes in, 639 



compound eye 



polarization plane of light and, 636 



cone cells in eyes, 633 



muscle innervation, 240 



neuromuscular transmission in, 240 



ocelli in, 630 



polarized light and, 636 

 .Asphyxia 



blocking of nerve fibers and, 471, 472 



d.c. potential and, 318 

 Atropine 



mode of action, 233 

 Attention 



neural mechanism of, 753-759 



reticular formation and, 367 

 Audition, 565-612 



see also parts of the ear and related terms 



acuity 



auditory cortex and, 596 

 pure tone threshold and, 596 



central mechanisms of, 585-612 



decortication and, 595 



descending fibers and, 591 



interaction with visual impulses, 3 1 1 



invertebrate, 381, 382 



range of, 565 



temporal information 

 transmission of, 583 



theory of, 58 1 -584 

 Auditory conditioning 



experimental production, 753 

 Auditory habituation, 752, 753 

 Auditory cortex, 591-609 



see also Central auditory function 



anatomical area, 592 



cochlear representation in, 594, 606 



evoked potentials 

 distraction and, 754 



hearing acuity and, 596 



integrative function, 598 



localization of sound in space, 598 



medial geniculate and, 598 



periodic excitability change, 309 



postexcitatory depression and, 309 



primary and secondary, 594 



refractory period, 308 



species differences in, 592 



thalamic nuclei and, 598 



third area, 596 



tonal pattern discrimination, 597 



tonotopic projection in, 603 



topological projection in, 603 

 .\uditory habituation 



experimental production, 752 

 Auditory localization 



transmission of, 583 

 Auditory nerve, 579-581 



action potentials, 575 



central control, 744 



efferent fibers in, 744 



efferent inhibition, 580 



frequency response, 580 



impulses in, 579 



latency in, 579 



parallel ascending and descending 

 pathways, 750 



recruitment and, 31 1 



single fiber activity in, 579 



volley principle in, 579 

 Auditory reception 



in man and insects, 374 

 Autonomic nervous system 



see also Parasympathetic nerves; Sym- 

 pathetic nervous system 



neuroeflTector transmission in, 215-235 



pain and, 480-483 

 Axon 



see also Nerve fibers 



function, 59 



membrane as condenser, 85 



squid, as cable, 85 

 Axoplasm 



longitudinal current in, 103 



Barbiturates 



brain excitability and, 308 

 corticopetal system and, 389 

 refractory period and, 308 

 synaptic block and, 301 

 Basilar membrane : see Cochlea 

 Bechterew's nucleus 



equilibrium and, 558 

 Behavior 



see also Self-selection studies, Appetiti\e 



behavior; Conditioned reflex 

 attention and, 752-755 

 neuronal mechanisms of, 754-759 

 olfaction and, 547 

 response to light, 728 



cells with photoreceptors, 624 

 cells without photoreceptors, 623 

 reticular formation and, 755 

 taste and, 527 

 Binaural stimulation 



definition, 556 

 Bitter taste 



modification by experience, 529 

 substances giving, 520 

 Body temperature 



EEG, alpha activity and, 296 

 Brachium of inferior coUiculus: see In- 

 ferior quadrigeminal brachium 

 Bradykinin 



as pain excitant, 479 

 Brain 



see also Central nervous system; Spinal 



cord; individual parts of the brain 



electrical activity of, 255-258, 279-297, 



'^99-3'^. 3 '5-360, 716-727 

 evoked potentials of, 299-312 

 excitability 



afferent impulse inflow and, 310 

 factors affecting, 308 

 moisture 



excitability and, 308 

 rliythmic activity 

 generation of, 280 



