772 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



NEUROPHYSIOLOGY I 



primary sensory fibers, 270 



stimulation through, 276 



types, 262 

 Micropipettes 



as electrodes, 263 



electrical properties, 265 



preparation, 263 

 Modulators, visual : see Vision 

 Molluscs 



see also Invertebrates 



eye, camera style in, 637 



muscle 



acetylcholine and, 248 

 relaxation in, 247 



neuromuscular transmission, 247 

 Monaural stimulation 



definition, 556 

 Monoamine oxidase 



distribution in cells, 228 



removal of catechol amines, 228 

 Motoneurons 



definition, 272 



model for initiation of impulses, 274 



single unit activity of, 271-272 



threshold level, 68 

 Muscle 



catch-mechanism theory of contrac- 

 tion, 247 



conducted action potential, 239 



dual responses of, 1 75 



innervation of, 200-202 



junctional receptor function, 209-212 



multiterminal innervation, 239, 242, 

 247 



neuromuscular transmission, 199-253 



polyneuronal innervation, 24! 



reciprocal innervation of, 181 



smooth 



innervation, 2 1 7 



tetanus theory, 247 

 Muscle, invertebrate : see Invertebrates 

 Muscle potentials 



ciliary muscle, 662 



in molluscs, 249 

 Muscle spike: see Spike potentials 

 Myelinated fiber; see Nerve fibers, mye- 

 linated 

 Myopia 



correction for, 655 



definition, 655 



night 



accommodation and, 664 



sky 



accommodation and, 664 



Narcotics 



cflFect on nodes, 1 1 4 

 Nerve excitability: see Nerve fibers 

 Nerve fibers 



A, B and C, 469 



A, conduction in, 393 

 after-potentials of, i 14-1 17 

 blocking by 



asphyxia, 471, 472 



cocaine, 471 

 C, conduction in, 394 

 conduction in, 102-1 14 

 clectrotonic state, 1 1 i 

 excitability 



determination, 99 



relation to threshold, 98 

 explanation of properties, 64 

 group I-IV, 469 

 interaction, 82 

 myelinated 



as cable, 86 



potential field of impulse, i i i 

 peripheral, cutaneous, 393 

 potentials from, 273 

 recovery curve of, 80 

 repetitive firing, 116 



constant current and, 127 



impulse interval, 127 



membrane potential and, 1 1 7 



nerve accommodation and, 127 



sensorimotor cortex, 42 1 



sensory receptors and, 127 

 rhythmical activity, 1 1 5 

 saltatory conduction in, 1 06-1 13 

 specificity of thermal response, 444 

 temperature and activity, 446 

 threshold of, 94-100 

 unit activity of, 269, 270 

 Nerve impulse, 75-119 



see also Conduction; Transmission 

 afferent discharges 



modification of, 128 

 along uniform axon, 102 

 character, 79 

 conditioning 



end-plate potential and, 208 

 external resistance and, 106 

 facilitation of, 184 

 generation of, 70 

 importance of local circuit, 102 

 insulating air gap and, 108 

 membrane conductance of, 89-94 

 multiplication, 82 

 nodes of Ranvier and, 109 

 potential field, 1 1 1 

 propagation, 62 

 rate of conduction 



fiber diameter and, 78 

 refractory period of, 80 

 saltatory conduction of, 1 06-1 13 

 site of initiation, 135 

 sodium theory of, 62-65, 93, 94, wi 



119 

 spatial summation and, 186 

 summation, 130 

 two-way conduction, 81 

 velocity, 103 



volume conductor 



potential field calculation and, 105 



Weber-Fechner law, 1 26 

 Nerve net 



coelenterates, 249 



scyphozoans, 252 

 Neuromuscular junction 



morphology, 200 

 Neuromuscular transmission, 199 



see also Cholinergic transmitter : Acetyl- 

 choline; Transmitter substances; 

 Curare; Parasympathin 



anticholinesterases and, 210 



autonomic, 215-235 



chemical theory, 200 



electrical theory, 200 



in coelenterates, 252 



in crustacean muscle, 243 



in insects, 245 



mechanism of, 211 



skeletal, 1 99-2 1 2 



substance affecting, 199 



temperature and, 2 1 1 

 Neuron 



see also Pyramidal neurons; Sensory 

 neurons; Motoneurons and parts of 

 the neuron 



action in evoked potential, 303 



after-discharge of, 305-308 



autorhythmicity, 308 



differences in excitability, 1 7 1 



epileptic state in, 342 



excitation of, 273-276 



excitatory, 71 



impulse initiation in, 304 



inhibitory, 71 



internal structure, 60 



interneuron single unit activity, 272, 



273 



invertebrate, 239-253 



mechanisms and behavior, 758 



membrane of, 61-65 



model for initiation of impulses, 274 



morphology, 59-61, 257 



postactivity excitability of, 308-3 1 1 



single unit activity of, 261-276, 305 



soma 



potentials from, 273 

 Neurons, axon : see Axon ; Nerve fibers 

 Neuron, dendrites : see Dendrites 

 Neuron theory : see Historical develop- 

 ments, concepts 

 Neuron physiology, 59-254 

 Neiu'onal surface membrane 



electrical diagram, 62 



function of, 59 



physiological properties, 61 



potential across, 62 



resting potential, 62 



structure, 60 



transport across, 60 



