A LARGE GRASSHOPPER 9 



Exercise 2. Cul off the wings from the left side of the body and draw 

 an outline of the side view of the thorax and the two anterior 

 abdominal segments on a scale of 5 or 6. Note that both the meso- 

 thorax and the metathorax are divided by a diagonal suture into 

 two portions. Number the segments and label all the parts. 



Exercise 3. Draw a side view of the posterior end of your specimen 

 (whether male or female) on a scale of 5 or 6, showing accurately 

 the arrangement of all the parts, and label them all. 



Exercise 4, Draw an outline of the ventral surface of the thorax on a 

 scale of 5 or 6. Note the dovetailing of the anterior margin of the 

 metathorax with the posterior margin of the mesothorax and that 

 of the first abdominal somite with the metathorax ; note also the 

 attachment of the legs. 



Exercise 5. Remove a metathoracic leg and draw an outline of it on 

 a scale of 3. The segment by which it articulates with the body is 

 the coxa ; the next segment is the trochanter, which in the grass- 

 hopper, however, is not a free segment, but is fused with the follow- 

 ing one, the femur ; the latter is the largest segment of the leg and 

 has V-shaped muscle impressions on its surface ; the next segment 

 is the tibia, or shank ; the end segment is the tarsus, or foot, which is 

 made up of five smaller segments ; the terminal one of these bears 

 two claws, between which is a structure called the pulvillus. This 

 organ is an adhesive pad which enables the animal to walk and 

 spring on smooth surfaces. Label all of these parts. 



Exercise 6, Draw an outline of the face on a scale of 5 or 6. The 

 large plate which forms the top, front, and sides of the head, in 

 which the eyes, ocelli, and antennae are situated, is called the epi- 

 cranium. The sides of the epicranium, back of the eyes, are the 

 genae, the top is the vertex, and that part which forms the anterior 

 surface is the front. Ventral to the epicranium is a broad, short, 

 median plate called the clypeus, beneath which is the upper lip. 

 The antennae are the first pair of appendages. Label all parts. 



The Mouth Parts. These consist of the median upper lip, or 

 labrum, the paired mandibles, the paired maxillae, the median 

 hypopharynx, and the paired under lip, or labium. The paired 

 mouth parts are the second, third, and fourth pairs of appendages, 

 the antennas being the first pair. 



Exercise 7. Remove the labrum with scissors and draw it on a scale 

 of 5- 



