pila preoptica 

 orbitol cartilage^ 



interorbital septum, 

 sphenethmoid commissure 

 olfactory foramen 

 concha 



taenia morg 



nalis 



superior fenestra 

 superior alar process. 



vomeronasal capsule 



fenestra septi 

 pterygoid process 

 maxillary process 

 of paranasal cartilage 



^ascending process 



ascending process 

 (epipter/goid) 



dorsal process 

 columella 

 quadrate cartiloge 

 basipterygoid (basitrabecular) process 

 articular cartilage 



B 



prootic fenestra 



pila occessorio 



pila ontotica 



subarcuate fossa 



endolymphatic foramen 

 processus ascendens 



metotic fissure 



foramen magnum 

 hypoglossal foramina 



gap m wa 



basicranial fenestra 

 notochord 



epioptic fenestra 

 optic fenestra 

 metoptic fenestr 

 prootic fenestra 



basitrabecular process 



quadrate 



cartilage 



superior fenestra 



.vomeronasal capsule 

 paraseptal cartilage 



paraseptal cartilage 



maxillary process 



of paranasal cortilage 



^trabecula communis 



^orbital cartilage 



hypochiosmotic cartilage, 

 hypophyseal fenestra 



pterygoid process. 



processus ascendens 



,Vll 



facial canal 



internal process 

 tympanic process 



trsal process of columella 



cochlear swelling 



posterior ampulla swelling 



maxillary process 

 olfactory foramen 



taenia morginolis 



palotoquadrate 

 components 



quadrate 



notochord 



'endolymphotic foramen 

 synotic tectum 



Figure 4-5. The fully developed chondrocranium of Lacerla. A, dorsolateral view; B, nearly dorsal 

 view of right otic capsule region; C, ventral view; D, dorsal view. (From Goupp, 1900) 



68 • HEAD SKELETON OF OTHER TETRAPODS AND CHOANATES 



