Index 



Capitalized entries are author's names; italicized page numbers refer to illustrations. 



Abdominal cavity, 253 

 Abducens nerve (VI), 386, 422 



foramen, 122 

 Abductor muscles, 432 



abductor and extensor pollicis brevis, 428, 

 433, 436 



abductor digiti quinti, 428 

 Abscission line, 83 



Acanthodes, acanthodians, 20, 31, 125, 126, 

 184, 186, 233, 240, 289, 290, 414, 415 



endocranium, 125 



external appearance, 31 



fin rays, 243 



head skeleton, 125, 126 



pectoral fin, 188 



scale, 233 



relation to Chondrichthyes, 1 19 

 Acanthostegids, 88 

 Accessory olfactory bulb, 403 

 Accommodation, 404, 405 

 Acenlmphorm, 20, 32, 33, 115, 116 



external appearance, 32 

 Aceraspis, external appearance, 134 

 Acetabulum, 149, 172, 176 

 Acidophyle cells, 381 



Acipenser, (sturgeon), 20, 24, 1 15, 162, 167, 181, 

 182, 236, 269, 271, 288, 289, 309, 331, 

 332, 345, 350, 372, 382, 391, 393, 418 



aortic arches, 351 



development, 207 



digestive tract, 267, 269 



external appearance, 25 



fin base, 185 



gill vessels, 352 



gut of larva, 271 



kidney, 307 



development, 307, 308, 309 



pectoral girdle, 184 



reproductive system, 332 



swim bladder, 284, 285 



urogenital system, 334 



vertebrae, 162, 162 

 Acrania, 19 



Acrochordal cartilage (commissure), 53, 

 108, 122, 128 



Acrodont teeth, 65, 249 

 Acromion process, 173 

 Acropodium, 172 



Actinistia, Actinistian (see also Latimena), 

 98, 156, 170, 179, 188, 239, 283, 391, 

 416 

 Actinopterygian (see also Siilmo, Gadus), 24, 

 105, 106, 114, 119, 181, 192, 271, 290, 

 304, 379, 380, 381, 382, 392, 402 

 aortic arches, 350 

 arteries, head, 357 

 brain, 392 

 digestive tract, 271 

 external appearance, 24, 25, 26 

 eye muscles, 422 



head skeleton, 105, 106, 107-113 

 heart, 345 

 inner ear, 410 

 interrelationships, 114 

 kidney, 304 



pectoral appendage, 181 

 relationship to choanates, 1 17 

 reproductive system, 329 



development, 328 

 sensory-canal system, 415 

 skin, 225 

 teeth, 248 

 veins 



body, 370 

 head, 365 

 vertebrae, 158 

 Actinotrichia, 242 

 Acustico-lateralis system, 410, 418 

 Adductor muscles, 432 

 adductor longus, 429 

 adductor magnus, 429 

 adductor pollicis brevis, 428 

 Adelospondylous vertebra, 155 

 Adenohypophysis, 379 

 Adipose fin, 167 

 Adrenal gland, 381 

 Afferent mandibular artery, 358 

 Afferent pseudobranchial artery, 358 

 Afi'erent renal vessel, 297, 369 

 Agama, sensory organ of scale, 222 



Aglomerular kidney, teleost, 306, 312 

 Agnath (see also Cyclostomes, lamprey, 

 Myxme), 19, 184, 186, 192, 240, 382 



fin rays, 243 



head skeleton, 128, 135 

 evolution, 138 



relationship with gnathostome, 443 



sensoi^y-canal system, 410 



teeth, 245 



vertebrae, 163 

 Agranulocytes, 377 

 Air sacs, 76, 281 

 Air space, in egg, 201 

 Ala hypochiasmatica, 54 

 Ala orbitalis, 53 

 Ala temporalis, 51, 54 

 Alar canal, 40 



Albatross, external appearance, 29 

 Albula, 345 

 Albumin, 201 

 Alecithal, 193 



Alicochlear commissure, 51, 54 

 Alisphenocapsular fissure, 51 

 Alisphenoid, 37, 40, 43 

 Allantois, 203, 256, 294 

 Alligator, 22, 28, 191, 280, 297, 342, 423, 

 432 



digestive tract, 259 



head skeleton, 71, 7:y, 74 



heart, 341,5^2 



inner ear, 409 



lungs, development, 283 



pectoral girdle, 173 



pelvic girdle, 176 



stomach, 257 



teeth, 252 



urogenital system, 297 



vertebrae, 145, 146 

 Alligator Snapping Turtle, see Macroclemmys 

 ALUS, 139 



Alveolar, groove of teeth, 249 

 Alveolus, of lung, 280 

 Ambysloma, 281 



brain, 391 



larva, 214 



459 



