Digestive Tract (Cont.) 



vertebrates, 253 

 Digital formula, 171. 175, 178 

 Digit, terminal pad, 27 

 Dimere theor>- of Bolk, 25 1 

 DtmrlTodm, 146, 173, 174, 176, 176 

 Dinosaurs as archosaurs, 61 

 Diphycercal, 26, 169 

 modified, 169, 1 70 

 Diphyodonti, 251 

 Diplocercides, 21, 99, 170 

 Diploic veins, 361 

 Diplospondyly, 160 

 Diplurus, 156, 179 

 Dipneumonas, 283 



Dipnoi, dipnoans. or lungfish (see also .Veo- 

 ceratodiLS, Lepidosiren, Prolopttms). 21, 104. 

 1 19, 239, 290, 310, 402 

 brain, 391 

 development, 205 

 digestive tract. 264, 266 

 endocranium, 99 

 external appearance, 26 

 head skeleton, 99, 100, 101, 102 

 kidney, 303, 304 

 lungs, 283 



reproductive system, 327 

 sensory-canal system, 416 

 teeth. 248 

 vertebrae, 155 

 Dipnorhynchus, 21, 99, 99 

 Diptenis, 21, 33, 99, 104, 155. 169. 239. 240. 

 241.248.416 

 dermal head bones, 100 

 endocranium, 101 

 external appearance, 32 

 fin ra\-s. 243 

 Discoidal cleavage, see meroblastic 

 Dog. 293 



skull, posterior part. 39 

 veins, head, 362 

 Dogfish shark, see Sqtialus 

 DOHRN, 139 

 Doholum, 9 

 Dorsal aorta, 8, 347 

 Dorsal blastopore lip, 195, 198, 203 

 Dorsal blood sinus, 16 

 Dorsal body (sensory) Une. 410 

 Dorsal bronchi, 281 

 Dorsal crest, 136 

 Dorsal field, 136 

 Dorsal fin fold, 6 

 Dorsal fins, 18, 23. 166, 168 

 Dorsal medial plate. 184 

 Dorsal nerie chord, 12, 13, 16 

 Dorsal ner^■es, 9 

 Dorsal nerve tube, 9 

 Dorsal rays, 6 



Etorsal recess of buccal ca\-ity, 16 

 Dorsal rib, 188 

 Dorsal sac, 388 

 Dorsal spine, 145 

 Dorsal suspensory- ligament, 405 

 Dorsal venebrae, 147, 148, 149 

 Dorsalis scapulae, 441 

 Dorsum sellae, 41, 46, 51, 108, 128 

 Doryptenis, 114 



Double concave vertebra, 149 



Double convex vertebra, 149 



Drepanaspis, Drepanaspid, 19, 31, 137, 412 



bony plate, 230 



external appearance, 30 



head skeleton of, 139 

 Duck-billed platypus, see Omitharhpichiu 

 Duct of \S'irsung, 253 

 Ducts of Cuvier. 297, 309, 317, 339, 362 

 Ducts of Santorini, 253, 256 

 Ductuli efferentia, 3 1 1 

 Ductus arteriosus (ductus Botalli), 347 

 Ductus caroticus, 347 

 Ductus deferens, 312 

 Ductus epididymidis, 318 

 Ductus Shawi, 347 

 Ductus venosus. 368 

 Dugong, 292 

 Dunkeloslms. 20, 31, 126 



trunk armor, 189 

 Ehiodenal bulb, 255 

 Duodenal loop, 256 

 Duodenum. 253, 256 

 Duplex uterus, 323 

 Dvinosaums, 287 



Ear, 406, 408 



Ecdesis, 221, 223 



Echidna, see Tachyglossus 



Ecteinascidia, 9, 19 



Ectochoanal processes, 57 



Ectoderm, 195 



Ectomesoderm. 128 



Ectopterygoid, 46, 49, 64, 76, 86, 106 



Edesrid sharks, scale, 233, 234 



Edentates, 291 



Edops. 21. 88 



Efferent arteries, 288, 357 



EflTerent ducts, 302, 318 



Efierent pseudobranchial artery, 350. 358 



Efierent veins. 297. 369 



Egg, 193 



Egg nests in cortex, 327 



Egg tooth of prenasal processes of premax- 



Ula, 46 

 Eiasmobranchii, elasmobranchs (see also 



Chondrichthyes), 20, 23, 119, 420 

 Electric organs, 420 

 Electrophoridae. 420 

 Elephant, 251 



Oe\ators or levator muscles, 432 

 Elonicbthys, scale, 235 

 Elops, 105, 106. 110 

 Eipistosttge, 88 



Embolomerous vertebrae, 151, 155, 192 

 Embrvology, 193 

 Embryonic disc, 208 

 Enamel, 92, 227, 229, 233, 235, 243, 245 

 Enamel organ, 244 

 EndioUpis, 168 



Endocardial primordium, 339 

 Endochondral (enchondral) bone, 35 

 Endocranium. 82, 85, 106, 114. 125, 127 



ethmosphenoid di\-ision, 88, 94 



ethmosphenotic di\Tsion. 114 



occipital div-ision. 80, 94, 114 

 Endocrine system. 382 



Endolymphatic duct. 406, 408 



foramen. 51. 122, 129 

 Endol>Tnphatic fossa, 122 

 Endolymphatic pores, 31 

 Endolymphatic sac, 406, 408 

 Endostylar vessel, 9 

 Endostyle, 7, 8, 11, 379, 382 



origin of, 196, 380 

 Endovarial ovary, 329 

 Enteropneusta, 12, 13, 13, 14. 19 

 Entoderm, 195. 199, 207 

 Entoglossal, 107 

 Entomesoderm, 128 

 Entosphmus (see also lamprey), 18. 20 

 Entors-mpanic, 37, 40 

 Enucleate, 377 

 Eocene. 62 

 Eosinophile, 377 

 Eosuchia, 88, 89, 91, 176 

 Epa.xial di\'ision of myotome, 420 

 Epiblast. 201. 203, 205, 207. 208 

 Epiboly. 198. 199 



Epibranchial of branchial arch, 96, 107. 119 

 Epibranchial groove of pharynx, 8 

 Epibranchial placodes, 387 

 Epicardial diverticulum. 1 1 

 Epicardial sacs, 1 2 

 Epidermal cells, 226 

 Epidermal ner\e plexus, 13, 16 

 Epidermis. 1 1, 14, 16, 217, 2/9 

 Epididymis, 293, 299, 318 

 Epiglottis, 280 

 Epigonalis, 326 

 Epigonal organ. 333 

 Epihyal, 41. 66, 83, 102, 112 



as hyomandibula, 119, 122, 126 

 Epimandibula. 128 

 Epiotic, 106 



Epoophoron. 293. 296. 322 

 Epiph>-seal fenestra, 108 

 Epiphyseal tectum, 122 

 Epiph\-ses of bones. 142, 171, 172 

 Epiphysis, epiphyseal evagination. 383, 405 

 Epipremandibula, 128 

 Epipterygoid. 64, 71, 85, 86 



homolog of alisphenoid, 76 



homolog of metapterygoid, 119 

 Epistropheus, see a.xis 

 Epitrochleo-anconeus muscle, 428 

 EptatTttus, (see also myxinid), 20, 23, 128, 

 131, 289, 316, 366 



anterior aortic arches, 334 



brain, 4C0 



external features, 23 



origin of pituitary, 380 

 Ennaceus, 356 



Eryops, 21, 88. 152. 176, 178 

 Efyptychius, dermal plates, 229, 230, 240 

 Erythrocytes. 377 



lack of, in protochordates, 9, 1 1, 377 

 Esophagus, 6, 12, 13, 16, 253. 256. 264 

 Esox, 285. 351 

 Ethmoid. 39, 40, 44 

 Ethmoid foramen, 49 

 Ethmoid tooth. 131 



Ethmosphenoid division of endocranium, 88, 

 94 



464 • INDEX 



