Radial, 167, 181, 240 



radiale, 172 



Radices aortarum, 347 



Radius, 171 



Raja, rays, 20, 24, 119, 242, 244 



Ramus, mandible, 25, 41 



Rana, Ranidae, 21, 403, 407, 418 



arteries of head, 358 



endolymphatic sac, 408 



gonadal ridge, development, 326 



heart, 343 



larva, 214 



pectoral girdle, ly? 



skin, 223 



vertebrae, 153 

 Rasping organ or tongue, 18, 131, 131, 135 

 Rat, Rallus, 22, 253, 254, 293, 323 



basis cranii, ossifications, 59 



external appearance, 30, 30 

 RATHKE, 3, 139 

 Rathke's pouch, 379, 382 

 Ray-finned fishes, see Actinopterygii 

 Red nucleus, 385 

 Recent, 62 



Recessus terminalis, 292 

 Recessus tympanicus, 61 

 Rectus femoris, 429 

 Rectum, 254, 297 

 Reichert's cartilage, 51 

 Reichert's theory, 76 

 Remigolepis, pectoral fin, 190 

 Renal arteries, 291, 314 

 Renal corpuscle, 302 

 Renal crest, 291 

 Renal veins, 291, 368 

 Renculus, 292 

 Rennin, 382 



Reproductive system, 318 

 Reptiles, 22, 192, 211, 381, 384, 390, 402, 

 407 



aortic arch, 347 



arteries 

 body, 367 

 head, 356 



blood cell production, 378 



brain, 387 



digestive tract, 256, 262 



external appearance, 28 



heart, 341, 342 



lungs, 280 



muscles 

 eye, 422 

 shoulder, 432 



nasal passages, development, 403 



origin of, 88 



Pennsylvanian, 61 



reproductive tract, 323, 324 



skin, 28, 221 



urogenital system, 296 



veins 



body, 369 

 head, 363 



vertebrae, 144, 151 

 Respiratory bronchioles, 280 

 Respiratory capillaries, 281 

 Respiratory passage, 275 

 Respiratory pharynx, 289 



Respiratory system, 280 



Restiform bodies, 395 



Rete testis or central canal, 318 



Retia mirabilis, 284 



Reticular body, 385 



Reticular canal system, 414 



Reticular layer of dermis, 218 



Reticuloendothelial system, 377 



Retina, 404 



Retractor bulbi, 422 



Retractor lentis muscle, 404 



Retractor muscles of rasping organ, 133 



Retroarticular, 106 



Retroperitoneal, 253, 291 



Rhabdopleura, 5, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19 



Rhachitomous, 151, 155, 192 



Rhinoceros, 218,220 



Rhmochimaera, 123 



Rhipidistia, 21, 180, 188, 239 



Rhizodontids, Rhizodontidae, 21, 92 



Rhombencephalon, 383 



Rhomboid scales, 24, 239 



Rhomboideus, 432, 436 



Rhyacolnton, 281 



Rhynchocephalians, 22 



Rhynchodiplerus, 155 



Rib, 141, 145, 187, 19/ 



blastemic rudiment, 144, 148 



compound nature, 188 



costal segment, 191 



heads, 191 

 Rib bearer in salamander, 155 

 Ring sinus (inner sinus), 205 

 ROBERTSON, 370 

 Rocky Mountain Revolution, 62 

 Rodents, 22, 291, 403 

 Rose, 252 



Roll-type valve, 264 

 ROMER, 3, 192, 444, 446 

 Roof, cranial, evolution of, 117 

 Rostral coelom, 196 

 Rostral sac or internasal organ, 99, 418 

 Rostrum, 23, 24, 197 

 Rotator muscles, 432 

 Round ligament, 321 

 Rupicapra, horn, 220 



Saccobranchus, 288 



Saccoglossus, 12, 12, 13, 19 



Saccus vasculosa, 379, 393, 394, 395 



Sacral artery, 367 



Sacral vertebrae, 141, 143, 147, 149, 153 



number of, 141, 145, 148 

 Sacculus, 406 

 Sagittal crest, 37 

 SAINT-HILAIRE, 2 

 Salamander. 21, 79, 377, 405 



brachial plexus, 434 



chondrocranium, 82 



kidney, development, 299, 300 



lungless, 343 



mesodermal components, 301 



vertebrae, 151 

 Salamandra, 326, 344 

 Salamandrina, 281 



Salivary glands (see also specific names) 

 253 



Salmo, salmon (see also teleost), 20, 106, 181, 

 284,345,372,404,410,423 



anterior myodome, /// 



brain, 393 



development of chondrocranium, 110 



endocranium, 108 



fin base, 185 



head skeleton, 105, 107 



kidney, development, 305, 305 



muscles of eye, /// 



myomere, 421 



pectoral girdle, 184 



vertebrae, 159. 160 

 Samdaspis. bony plate, 230 

 Sarcopterygii, 92, 180 

 Sartorius, 428 

 Sauripterus. 180 

 Sauropsids, 343, 446, 448 

 SAVE-SODERBERGH, 3, 104 

 Scala naturae, 1 

 Scala tympani, 408 

 Scala vestibulae, 408 

 Scales, 217, 226 



acanthodian, 233, 233 



actinopterygian, 234 



agnath, 229 



Amta, 237 



amphibians, 239 



Caloles, 221 



Chenolepu, 235 



choanate fish, 238, 241 



Chondrichthyes, 233 



chondrostean, 236 



external appearance, teleost, 239 



ganoid, peg and socket, 236 



holocephalans, 234 



holosteans, 236 



lateral-line canal, teleost, 239 



lepidosteid or lepisosteid, 235 



Leptsosteus, 237 



origin of, placoid scales, 234 



palaeoniscoid, 235 



Pangolin, 219 



perleidid, 235 



Polypterus. 236, 236 

 development of, 237 



rhomboid, 25 



tail, opossum, 30 



teleost, 237, 238, 239 

 Scalopus, 403 

 Scamiepis, 240 



Scaphirkynchus, 20, 24, 181, 288 

 Scaphiopm, prototriches, 223 

 Scaphoideum, 172 

 Scapula, 171, 173, 177, 181 



clavicular process, 1 73 



coracoid process, 171, 424 

 Scapulocoracoid, 178, 179, 181 

 Scaumenacia, 240 

 Schnidylesis, 41 

 Scleral, see sclerotic 

 Sclerocoel, 8 



Sclerotic (scleral) bones or plates, 64, 80, 106, 

 114,405 



ring, 71, 85 

 Sclerotic (scleral) cartilage, 80, 122 

 Sclerotome, 128, 143, 148, 420 



474 . INDSX 



