x VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 



malian Anatomy" (Blakiston). The dissection of the rabbit is 

 described in Bensley's "Practical Anatomy of the Rabbit" (Blak- 

 iston), and also in Marshall and Hurst's "Practical Zoology," 

 Parker's "Elementary Biology," and Parker and Parker's "Prac- 

 tical Zoology." 



The best of the larger general textbooks of zoology are Hertwig's 

 "Manual of Zoology," translated by Kingsley (Holt) ; Parker and 

 HaswelPs "Text-Book of Zoology" (Macmillan) and Hegner's 

 "College Zoology" (Macmillan). The portion of Hertwig's "Zool- 

 ogy" treating of vertebrates is particularly good, and gives a use- 

 ful resume of their comparative anatomy and their classification. 



Classification of vertebrates. The following classification has 

 been taken, with some modifications, from Pratt's "Manual of 

 Vertebrates." 



A. Anamnia (Ickthyopsida). Vertebrates whose eggs are deposited in 

 most cases in the water and are without a shell; whose 

 embryos are protected only by an albuminous envelope 

 and the water; which respire by means of gills during 

 either the whole or a part of their life period; and which 

 have a slimy epidermis lacking special epidermal coverings. 

 Class i of Vertebrates. Fishes. Aquatic, cold-blooded vertebrates 

 which have an integumentary covering of dermal scales or 

 plates and which breathe by means of pharyngeal gills. 

 Subclass i. Marsipobranchii. Suctorial, fishlike vertebrates, with- 

 out jaws or paired fins. 

 Subclass 2. Pisces. True fishes, with jaws and paired fins. 

 Order i. Elasmobranchii (Selachii). Cartilaginous fishes 



(sharks and skates). 

 Order 2. Dipnoi. Lung fishes. 

 Order 3. Teleostomi. Bony fishes (in most cases). 

 Suborder 1. Ganoidei. Sturgeons, garpikes, bowfins, etc. 

 Suborder 2. Teleostei. Bony fishes (the common fishes). 

 Class 2 of Vertebrates. Amphibians. Cold-blooded vertebrates 

 without scales (American species), having toes without 

 claws or nails, and breathing during larval period by means 

 of integumental gills. 

 Order 1. Caudata(Urodela). Tailed amphibians (salamanders). 

 Order 2. Salientia (Anura). Tailless amphibians (frogs and 



toads). 

 Order 3. Gymnophiona, Limbless amphibians. 



