INTRODUCTION ix 



Books of reference. It is important that the laboratory be sup- 

 plied with textbooks of zoology and comparative anatomy, and 

 that the dissections be supplemented with constant reference to 

 them. The best textbooks of comparative anatomy in English are 

 Wilder's "His* iry of the Human Body" (Holt), Kingsley's "Com- 

 parative Anatomy of Vertebrates" (Blakiston), Wiedersheim's 

 " Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates" (Macmillan), and Hy- 

 man's "Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy" (University of Chicago 

 Press). Wilder's "History of the Human Body" treats the sub- 

 ject from the standpoint of human anatomy and should always be 

 accessible to preparatory medical students. 



More exhaustive works on the comparative anatomy of verte- 

 brates are Gegenbaur's "Vergleichende Anatomie der Wirbel- 

 thiere" (Engelmann) and Owen's "Comparative Anatomy and 

 Physiology of Vertebrates" (Longmans, Green & Co., 1866). 



The dogfish is described in Griffin's " Guide for the Dissection of 

 the Dogfish" (published by the author), in Marshall and Hurst's 

 "Practical Zoology" (Black), in Parker's "Elementary Biology" 

 ( Macmillan ) , and in Parker and Parker's " Practical Zoology " ( Mac- 

 millan). The skate is described in Parker's "Zootomy" (Macmil- 

 lan). The perch is described in Vogt and Yung's " Vergleichende 

 Anatomie" (Vieweg). In Parker's "Zootomy" a description of 

 the cod is given. The frog is described in many books. The best 

 descriptive work is Gaupp's "Anatomie des Frosches" (Vieweg). 

 Extended descriptions are found also in Huxley and Martin's 

 "Practical Biology" (Macmillan), Parker and Parker's "Prac- 

 tical Zoology," Holmes's "Biology of the Frog" (Macmillan), 

 and Marshall's "Anatomy of the Frog" (Black). Extended de- 

 scriptions of the turtle and the pigeon are found in Martin and 

 Moale's "How to Dissect a Chelonian" and "How to Dissect a 

 Bird" (Macmillan). A description of the pigeon is found also in 

 Marshall and Hurst's "Practical Zoology" and in Parker's "Zoot- 

 omy." The cat is completely described in Reighard and Jennings's 

 "Anatomy of the Cat" (Holt) ; less extended descriptions will be 

 found in Wilder and Gage's "Anatomical Technology" (Corn- 

 stock), Mivart's "The Cat" (Macmillan), and Davison's "Mam- 



