CONTENTS 



Page 



FRONTISPIECE 



INTRODUCTION iii 



INTRODUCTION TO THIRD EDITION v 



REFERENCE BOOKS FOR EXPERIMENTAL EMBRYOLOGY vi 



• 



L TECHNIQUES IN EXPERIMENTAL EMBRYOLOGY 



Equipment and Procedures in Experimental Embryology 1 



II. THE AMPHIBIA 



A. THE NORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMPHIBIA 



1. Notes on the Breeding Habits of Some Common Amphibia 31 



Z. The Culture of Amphibian Embryos and Larvae to Metamorphosis .... 49 



3. The Developmental Stages of Amphibian Embryos 56 



a. Rana Pipiens, 56 c. Hyla Regilla, 68 e. Tritums Pyrrhogaster, 88 



b. Xenopus Laevis, 66 d. Amblystoma Punctatum, 82 f. Triturus Torosus, 90 



4. Induced Breeding • 91 



5. Ovulation and Egg Transport 104 



6. Early Behavior Patterns in the Amphibia Ill 



B. EXPERIMENTS ON EARLY DEVELOPMENT - NON-OPERATIVE 



7. Fertilization of the Frog's Egg 116 



8. Hybridization and Early Development 121 



9. The Effect of Age of the Egg on Embryonic Development 125 



10. a. Techniques for Staining Chromosomes in the Tail-Fin 128 



b. Smear Method for Chromosome Preparations 132 



11. Temperature and Embryonic Development 135 



12. Heteroploidy Induced by Variations in Temperature 143 



13. The Space Factor and the Rate of Growth and Differentiation 149 



14. Nutrition and Growth of Amphibian Larvae 153 



15. Mechanical Separation of Growth and Differentiation 158 



16. Chemical Alteration of Growth and Differentiation 162 



17. The Embryo and Narcosis, or the Separation of Form and Function ... 165 



C. EXPERIMENTS ON EARLY DEVELOPMENT - OPERATIVE 



18. Experiments with the Amphibian Germinal Vesicle 170 



19. Androgenesis 178 



20. Artificial Parthenogenesis 183 



21. Pressure Effects on Cleavage 187 



22. The Effect of Centrifugation on Development 189 



23. The Production of Double Embryos 193 



D. EXPERIMENTS ON THE EARLY EMBRYO 



24. The Organizer and Early Amphibian Development 197 



25. Morphogenetic Movements as Determined by Vital Staining 204 



26. The Behavior of Isolated Embryonic Cells 213 



27. The Culture of Isolated Amphibian Anlagen 218 



28. The Dissociation and Reaggregation of Embryonic Cells 224 



29. An Introduction to Tissue Culture Techniques 229 



30. Osmo-Regulation 238 



31. Wound Healing in Embryos 242 



32. Parabiosis and Telobiosis 246 



