152 



SPACE FACTOR AND GROWTH RATE 



5 10 15 20 25 



Growth rates of tadpoles with different numbers per 

 unit of space. A - total length (body and tail); 

 B - body length; C - body breadth. 



Pairs of experimental tadpoles taken at random 

 from compartments containing 3, 10 and 25 

 tadpoles each. 



From Rugh 1934: Ecology. 15:407 



REFERENCES 



ADOLPH, E. F. , 1931 - "The size of the body and the size of the environment in the growth of the tadpoles. " Biol. Bull. 61:350. 

 ALLEE, W. C, 1931 - "Animal Aggregations. " Chicago Univ. Press. 



BILSKI, F. . 1921 - "Uber den Einfluss des Lebensraums auf das Wachstum der Kaulquappen. " Pfluger's Arch. 188:254. 

 DEMPSTER, W. T. , 1933 - "Growth in Amblystoma punctatum during the embryonic and early larval period. " Jour. Exp. Zool. 



64:495, 

 GOETSCH, W. , 1924 - "Lebensraum und Korpergrosse. " Biol. Zentralbl. 44:529. 

 HUTCHINSON, C. , 1939 - "Some experimental conditions modifying the growth of amphibian larvae. " Jour. Exp. Zool. 82:257 



(See also 1938: Anat. Rec. 71:69). 

 KRIZENECKY, J., 1928 - "Studien uber die Funktion der im Wasser gelosten Nahrsubstanzen im Stoffwechsel der Wassertiere. " 



Zeit. vergl. Physiol. 8. 

 LYNN, W. G. &A. EDELMAN, 1936 - "Crowding and metamorphosis in the tadpole. " Ecology. 17:104. 

 MERWIN, R. M. G W. C. ALLEE, 1943 - "The effect of low concentrations of carbon dioxide on the cleavage rate in frog's eggs." 



Ecology. 24:61. 

 MERWIN, R. M. , 1945 - "Some group effects on the rate of cleavage and early development of the frog's egg. " Phys. Zool. 



18:16. 

 RUGH, R. , 1934 - "The space factor in the growth rate of tadpoles. " Ecology. 15:407. 

 RUGH, R., 1935 - "The spectral effect on the growth rate of tadpoles. " Physiol. Zool. 8. 

 SHAW, C. . 1932 - "The effect of biologically conditioned water upon the rate of growth in fishes and amphibia. " Ecology. 



13:263. 

 YUNG, E. , 1885 - "Dc I'influence des variations der milieu physicochemique sur le developpement des animaux. " Arch, des 



Phys. et Nat. 14:502. 



"The organism and the environment interpenetrate one another through and 

 through - the distinction between them is only a matter of convenience. " 



F. N. Simmer 1922 Sc. Monthly 14:233. 



