HYBRIDIZATION AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT 



123 



OBSERVATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA: 



Materials for a hybrid cross from each of the groups on the preceding page should be 

 made possible by the Instructor. The results should be analyzed with respect to (a) Rate 

 of cleavage (b) Type of cleavage (c) Stage of breakdown. 



^^ 



/ s. 



Rono palustris 



Rana palustris o 



X 

 Rana pipiens <y 



Rana pipiens 



HYBRIDIZATION OF RANA 

 (Courtesy Dr. ]. A. Moore) 



REFERENCES 



BALTZER, F. , 1933 - "Ueber die Entwicklung von Triton-Bastarden ohne Eikem. " Ver h. d. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 35:119. 

 BATAILLON, E. 6 TCHOU-SU, 1929 - "Analyse de la fecondation chez les batraciens par 1' hybridization et la polyspermie 



physiologie. " Arch. f. Ent. mech. 115:779 (See also C. R. Acad. Sci. 191:690) 

 BRACHET, J. , 1944 - "Acides nucleiques et morphogenese au cours de la parthenogenese, la polyspermie et I'hybridation chez 



les anoures. " Soc. Roy. Zool. et Belg. 75:49. 

 CONNON, F. E. , 1947 - "A comparative study of the respiration of normal and hybrid Triturus embryos and larvae. " Jour. Exp. 



Zool. 105:1. 

 DURKEN, B. , 1938 - "Uber die Keimdrusen und die Chromosomen der Artbastarde Rana arvalis x Rana fusca o . " Zeitschr. 



Indukt. Abstam. u Vererbungsl. 74:331. 

 HADORN, E. , 1934 - "Uber die Entwicklungsleistungen bastardmerogonischen Gewebe von Triton palmatus ( ) x Triton cristatus 



( o ) imm Ganzkeim und als Explantat in vitro." Arch. f. Ent. mech. 131:238. 

 HAMBURGER, V. , 1936 - "The larval development of reciprocal species hybrids of Triton taeniatus, x Triton cristatus. " Jour. 



Exp. Zool. 73:319. 

 HERTWIG, P., 1936 - "Artbastarde bei Tieren. " Handbk. d. Vererbungswiss, Lief 21. 

 HUMPHREY, R. R. , 1944 - "The functional capacities of heteroplastic gonadal grafts in the Mexican axolotl and some hybrid 



offspring of grafted animals. " Am. Jour. Anat. 75:263. 

 MONTALENTI, G. , 1938 - "L'ibridazione interspecifica degli Anfibi Anuri. " Arch. Zool. Italian 25, Suppl. Attualita Zool. 



4:157. 

 MOORE, J. A., 1941 - "Developmental rate of hybrid frogs. " Jour. Exp. Zool. 86:405. 

 MOORE, J. A. , 1947 - "Studies in the development of frog hybrids. II. Competence of the gastrula ectoderm of Rana pipiens ° 



X Rana sylvatica o hybrids. " Jour. Exp. Zool. 86:349. 

 MOORE, J. A. , 1955 - "Abnormal combinations of nuclear and cytoplasmic systems in frogs and toads. " Advances in Genetics 



7:139-182. 

 NEWMAN, H. H. , 1923- "Hybrid vigor, hybrid weakness and the chromosome theory of heredity. " Jour. Exp. Zool. 37:169. 

 PARISER, K. , 1936 - "El Desarrollo Y La Relacion Numerica Entre Los Sexos En Los Hibridos Interspecificos Obtenidos Por Fecunda- 



cion Artificial En El Genero Triton. " Revista Espanola di Biologia. 5:11. 

 PORTER, K. R. , 1941 - "Diploid and androgenetic haploid hybridization between two forms of Rana pipiens. " Biol. Bull. 80:238. 

 RUGH R- G F. EXNER, 1940 - "Developmental effects resulting from exposure to x-rays. II. Development of leopard frog eggs 



activated by bullfrog sperm. " Proc. Amer. Philosophical Soc. 83:607. 

 SCHONMANN W. 1938 - "Der diploide Bastard Triton palmatus ° x Salamandra o ." Arch. f. Ent. mech. 138:345. 

 TCHOU-SU. M. , 1931 - "Etude cytologique sur I'hybridation chez les Anoures. " Arch, d'anat. micr. 27:1. (See also 1936 C. R. 



Ac. Sci. 202:242.) 

 TWITTY, V. , 1939 - "Correlated genetic and embryological experiments on Triturus." Jour. Exp. Zool. 74:239. 

 WHITE, M. J. D. , 1946 - "The spermatogenesis of hybrids between Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus. " Jour. Exp. Zool. 



102:179. 



