•298 



FLEAS, FLUKES AND CUCKOOS 



blackflies, 49, 218; Coc- 

 cidia, 161; cuckoo's, 257; 

 fleas', 64, 65, 68, 80, 184; 

 flukes', 40; horse's, 172; 

 leeches', 209; mites' 225; 

 mosquitoes', 215; tape- 

 worm's, 191; ticks', 230 



Corpses eaten, 50, 51 



Corpuscles, 3 



Correlation, 129 



Coryza, 239 



Courtship, 252 



Cow pox, 241 



Cowsheds, 16, 71 



Crop, 3 : 



contents examined, 22, 

 25; of louse, 120, 121 ; 

 nematodes in, 183, 184; 

 protozoa in, 173 



Cuckold, 262 



Cuticle, 179 



Cyst : 



flukes', 39, 204; intestinal, 

 45; protozoal, 42, 160; 

 tongue-worm', 233 



Cysticercus, 192 



Cystogenous glands, 204 



Cytostome, 160, 171 



Death : 



of host, 31-37, 57, 97, 

 104, 136, 163, 181, 186, 

 221, 225, 236; of male 

 flea, 68; of parasite, 38,104 



De-leeching, 23 



De-lousing: 



of birds, 28, 232 ; of cattle, 

 24; of fish, 23; of mam- 

 mals, 22; of whales, 23 



Dengue, 217 



Dependence: 



dangers of, 46; degrees 

 of, 9; parasites and, 54; 

 symbiotic, 20 



Dermatitis, 228 



Descent, fleas", 63 



Development, direct, 233; 

 mites', 225; parasites' 48 



Dew, 49 



Diet, 6, 193, 256 



Differences, specific, 140 



Digestion, lice, 121 



Digestive organs, flea's, 64 



Diplostomulum, 207 



Disease: 



carried by fleas, 98-99; 

 carried by flies, 211, 214; 

 carried by leeches, 209; 



carried by lice, 125; 

 carried by mosquitoes, 

 217; carried by ticks, 232 



Dispersal, 135, 164 



Distribution : 



alpine-boreal, 1 1 1 ; cir- 

 cumpolar, in; discon- 

 tinuous, 133, 142, 233; 

 geographical, 147, 214; 

 zonal, 85; of fleas, 81-89; 

 of feather lice, 146; of 

 nidicoles, 247 



Diurnal periodicity, 185 



Diversity of form, lice, 1 19 



Dove-cotes, 231 



Dreys, 91 



Dung, see Faeces 



Dwarf males, 39, 52, fig. 



P- 234 

 Dysentery, 174 



Ectoparasites, 7, 44 



Eel-grass, 12, 202 



Eggs : 



alike, 54; bacteria in, 120, 

 236, 238; blackflies', 219; 

 bugs', 247; climate and, 

 69; cuckoo's, 38, 257, 

 262-264; destroyed, 18, 

 28 ; duck's, 237 ; em- 

 bryonated, 181, 188 ; 

 feather lices', 123, ferti- 

 lisation of, 65 ; fertility of, 

 44; fixing of, 69; gnats', 

 215; hatching, 70, 123; 

 laid in hosts' absence, 112; 

 laying of, 70, 132, 212; 

 laying reduced, 37, 217; 

 mites', 225; number of, 

 38, 70, 180, 188, 191, 216, 

 230, 232, 258; parasites', 

 38; parthenogenetic, 40, 

 123; poisonous, 232; 

 shape of fleas', 70; skuas', 



254 



Encephalitis, 225 



Endoparasites, 7, 42, 44 



Enemies : 



host as, 103, 126, 222; 

 of blackflies, 219; of fleas, 

 103; of flies, 222; of 

 mosquitoes, 217 



Environment, 7 : 



bird is flea's, 84; constant, 

 100, 140 ; encourages 

 adaptation, 182; prey and 

 7; feather louse, 57, 129; 

 nests ideal, 19; no adapt- 



ation to new, 53 ; response 

 to, 144; social, 49; stable, 

 of lice, 59 



Enzymes, 74, 242 



Epidemics, 36, 53, 169, 237, 

 240 



Epipharynx, 74 



Ethology, 146 



Evolution : 47-55 



of birds, 99, 129, 140, 193; 

 of bird fleas, 89; conver- 

 gent, 96, 133, 134, 144, 

 145; of feather lice, 59, 

 129, 138, 139, 140; of 

 fleas, 60; of genitalia, 65; 

 of host and parasite, 164; 

 interest in, 4; of nema- 

 todes, 182; parallel, 62, 



132, 134. i44>. H5, 207, 

 224; of parasitic worm 

 176; of parasitism, 47-55, 

 of physiological race, 691 

 sexual reproduction in, 

 41; trends in, 94, 116, 



Examination of lice, 147 

 Excretory organ, flea's, 64, 



flukes' 198, 200 

 Exhaustion, of parasite, 38 

 Exoskeleton, 62, 106 

 Eyelids, flukes below, 2, 207 

 Eyes, 3 : 



feather lice, 122; fleas', 

 62, 77; inflamed, 240; 

 larval fluke in, 207; lost, 

 97; nematode in, 184 



Faeces, 13, 48, 50, 71, 161, 



172, 176, 177, 189, 191, 



i97> 243, 251, 252 

 Fasting, see Abstinence 

 Fauna, nidicolous, 19, 245 



252 

 Fear of mosquitoes, 215 

 Feathers : 



eaten, 3, 50, 57, 118, 119; 



exudate of, eaten, 222; 



pith eaten, 225; structure 



of, 137; 



Feeding : 



feather lice, 120; fleas', 

 74-76; -spots, 75 



Females, 49 : 



cuckoo, 256; feather lice, 

 123; flea, 63, 64; f. sex 

 parasitic, 49; genitalia, 

 65; gnat, 215; hatch first, 

 78; mites attracted by. 



