GENERAL INDEX 



301 



Origin of bird fleas, 89 : 

 feather-lice, 129, 131; 

 parasitism, 49; pigeon, 

 no 



Overparasitisation, 37 



Paludrine, 164 



Parasites: 



accidental, 9; asexual re- 

 production of, 39; bud- 

 ding in, 39; chances of, 

 38; copulation of, 39; 

 death of, 38; defined, 6; 

 dwarf males of, 39; effect 

 of, on hosts, 30 37; eggs 

 of, 38; encystmcnt of, 

 39; evolution of, 47-55, 

 1 44 ; exchange of, no; 

 facultative, 9, 10, 221, 

 251; fleas', 103; herma- 

 phroditism of, 40; host- 

 specific, 43; hunger in, 

 38; intermediate hosts of, 

 41-43; life a gamble for, 

 38; life cycles of, 42; loss 

 of legs of, 41 ; mating of, 

 39; micro- , 36; modifica- 

 tions of, 47, 51 ; mouths of, 

 41 ; numbers of, 3, 38, 54; 

 obligate, 7, 45; organs of 

 attachment, 41; parthen- 

 ogenesis in, 40 ; periodical, 

 8; permanent, 7; phylo- 

 geny of, 141; placental, 

 55; polyembryony in, 40; 

 predator and, 6; repro- 

 duction of, 39, 53; re- 

 striction of, 43, 44, 46, 58; 

 sense organs of, 42 ; sexual 

 reproduction in, 39; spec- 

 ialisation of, 43; strobilis- 

 ation in, 39 ; temporary, 8, 

 208; transference of, 42; 

 tropisms of, 42; variation 

 in, 36, 51; vectors of, 42 



Parasitism : 6-10 



adjustments in, 35; ad- 

 ventitious, 266; brood", 

 9> 36, 38, 256-268; clep- 

 to-, 10, 253-255; con- 

 sequences of, 6, 55; de- 

 pendence and, 54; devel- 

 opment of, 4, 48; effects 

 of, on host,30-37; effects 

 of, on parasite, 38-46; 

 evolution of, 47-55; muta- 

 tions and, 52; natural 

 selection and, 52; oppor- 



tunity for, 49; origin of, 

 224, 266; pre-adaptation 

 to, 50>.52; super-, 35 



Parapodia, 234 



Parthenogenesis, 40, 123, 

 182, 206, 225 



Pastures, symbiosis in, 24 



Pearls, 30 



Penetration glands, 32 



Penicillin, 244 



Penis, flea's, 65 

 of cattle, 175 



Petroleum, 48 



pH, 192 



Phagocytes, 33 



Phoresy, 4, 18, 98, 136, 157, 

 228 {see also hitch-hiking). 



Fig. p. 157 



Phototropism, 77, 122 



Phylogeny, 141 



Physogastry, 222 



Pigeon lofts, 231 



Pigment, 32 



Pig-sty, 16 



Piracy, 254 



Pith, eaten, 225 



Placental parasite, 55 



Plague, 1,99, 103 



Plough and commensals, 1 7 



Pneumonia, 240 



Polyandry, 267 



Polyembryony, 40, 182 



Polygamy, 267 



Polymorphism, 114, 171 



Population, limitation of, 

 125, 128 



Pork, measly, 186 



Pox, avian, 241 



Pre-adaptation, 52 53 : 

 of bugs, 248; of birds' 

 fleas, 103; of elephant's 

 trunk, 51; of leech's 

 sucker, 51; of louse flies, 

 52 ; of mites, 224 ; of Nema- 

 todes, 179; to nidicolous 

 life, 103; to parasitism, 52, 

 of squirrels' fleas, 91 



Predators, 6, 50 



Preening, 33, 103, 126 



Primitive characters, 132 



Proboscis, 190, 214 



Progenesis, 177 



Promiscuity, 264, 267 



Pronotal comb, 62, 96 



Protein, 183 



Proventriculus, 183 



Pseudopodium, 174 



Psittacosis, 240 



Psychological relations, 12, 



Pullorum disease, 237 



Pupae : 



of blackflies, 219 ; of 

 fleas, 57, 72, 73; in nests, 

 61 



Pygidium, 77 



Quarries, 1 1 4 



Quotations : 



Addison 129, Andersson 

 in Bannerman 21, 22, 

 Aristotle 72, Bacon, Fran- 

 cis 105, Bible see Bible, 

 Browning, Robert 30, Buf- 

 fon 176, Cervantes 118, 

 Chandler, A. C, 164 

 Chisholm, A. H. 127, 

 Coleridge, S. T. 253, 

 Condry 127, Davies, W. 

 H. 1 7, de Morgan, Augus- 

 tus (modern version) 103, 

 Denny, Henry 118, Elton, 

 C. S. 18, Franklin, Ben- 

 jamin 125, Gains 38, 

 Gray, Thomas 16, Herod- 

 otus 20, Hill 108, Hirst, 

 L. F. 106, Hooke, Dr. 

 61, Huxley, J. S. 54. 

 Johnson, Dr. 56, Jonson, 

 Ben 6, Lucretius 44, Mitz- 

 main M.B., 104, Mouffet, 

 Thomas 210, 211, 213, 

 214, 218, 224, 226, 229, 

 Pennant, Thomas 2 1 , Pliny 

 23, 30, 68, 127, 208, 259, 

 262, Shakespeare, William 

 16, 220, 245, Shipley, A.E. 

 3, 220, Snodgrass, R. E. 

 60, 65, Somerville, Wil- 

 liam 2, Spenser, Edmund 

 47, Waterston, J. 79, 245 



Races, geographical, 85, 87, 



"3 

 Raft, gnats' egg-, 215 

 Range, extension of, 87, 109 

 Reactions of host, 4, 33, 125, 



128 

 Receptaculum seminis, 66, 



109, 113 

 Record, fossil, 48, 54, 141 

 Redia, 200 



Relapsing fever, 225, 238 

 Relations, psychological, 12, 



17 



