SPECIES OF MAMMALS OF THE PACIFIC AREA 139 



great quantities of it — above a quarter-ton of hay in captivity 

 daily. They live in herds composed of thirty or forty or more 

 individuals of various sizes and of both sexes. Adult individuals 

 occasionally become dangerous. Such elephants, generally males 

 living alone, are known as "rogues." 



The elephant of Sumatra has been considered a subspecies 

 of the Indian elephant on account of its slimmer build and the 

 smaller size or even absence of tusks in the male. 



Eyen-toed Ungulates. Order Artiodactyla 



This order contains the cattle, sheep, goats, goat-antelopes, 

 deer, and pigs. 



Hollow-horned Ungulates. Family Bovid^ 

 The Bovidse (cattle, sheep, goats, and relatives) are charac- 

 terized by true horns growing upon bony cores arising from the 

 frontal bones of the skulls. These horns are never shed during 

 life, and in the majority of species both sexes carry them. 

 After death the horn is easily removed from the core. The old- 

 fashioned powder horn is a good example of this horn sheath. 



The Banting or Wild Ox (Bibos sondaicus) is found in 

 Burma, the Malay Peninsula, Siam, Borneo, Java, and Bali. 

 The form found in Java and Borneo differs from the Burmese 

 banting in that the bulls, as they grow older, become blackish 

 brown or almost black. Young bulls, depending on their age, 

 vary from bright red-brown like the cows to dark chocolate. 

 The bull banting of Burma, on the contrary, seldom gets darker 

 than chestnut color. All specimens have a large white rump- 

 patch and white legs. Bantings generally go about in small 

 parties, although solitary bulls — old animals driven from the 

 herds — are also frequently met. Even when wounded, bantings 

 are seldom dangerous. The record spread of the horns of the 

 Burmese banting is thirty-four and one-half inches ; that of the 

 Javan form is twenty-six and one-half. Only domesticated 

 bantings are known in Bali. 



