144 MAMMALS OF THE PACIFIC WOELD 



The Himalayan Tahr (Hemitragus jemlaicus) is a native of 

 North India and has been introduced into the Mount Cook dis- 

 trict of New Zealand. The tahr is a short-horned goat noted 

 for its luxuriant coat of long brown hair. 



The Bharal or Blue Sheep (Pseudois nahura), a native of 

 Tibet and west China, has also been introduced into the Mount 

 Cook district of New Zealand. The horns of the bharal ram are 

 distinctive; they first curve outward and then down and back- 

 ward from the sides of the head. The color is bluish gray, the 

 underparts and legs handsomely marked with black and white. 



Deer. Family Cervid^ 



The deer are characterized by solid bony antlers, sometimes 

 miscalled horns, which are generally worn by the male. A few 

 kinds of deer lack antlers ; in one group, the caribou and rein- 

 deer (Rangifer), the female also grows antlers. The antlers 

 are shed and regrown periodically. 



Many authors restrict use of the name Cervus to the red 

 deer of Europe and Asia and to the wapiti of Asia and North 

 America. Others include in Cervus all the deer of this general 

 type. The latter system is followed here for the sake of sim- 

 plicity. Deer of the Sambar group (subgenus Rusa) are found 

 from China and Formosa, India and Ceylon, throughout the 

 Malayan region to the Moluccas and Timor. Sambar have 

 been introduced on New Caledonia, New Guinea, and other is- 

 lands. These deer are medium to large and their antlers have 

 two tines growing from the main beam, making three points on 

 each antler. Sambar (Cervus unicolor) has been divided into 

 numerous subspecies. On Sumatra and the islands along the east 

 coast the Malayan sambar (equinus) occurs. This is a large 

 dark deer about four and one-half feet high and is the form 

 found on the nearby mainland. In Borneo, Billiton, Banka, and 

 some of the islands of the Bornean coast sambars (hrookei) are 

 smaller and darker. The sambar from Java, east throughout 

 the Lesser Sundas to Timor, Celebes, and the Moluccas (C 



