146 MAMMALS OF THE PACIFIC WORLD 



the sambar group. The most colorful of these is the Philippine 

 Spotted Deer (Cervus alfredi). Its general color is rich dark 

 brown, distinctly marked at all seasons of the year with yel- 

 lowish white spots. It is about twenty-eight inches at the 

 shoulders. It is found on Cebu, Guimaras, Leyte, Masbate, 

 Negros, Panay, and Samos. The Philippine deer (philippinus), 

 found on the island of Luzon, is slightly larger than alfredi 

 and is dark brown, darker on the back and lighter on the neck. 

 Dark streaks from above each eye meet to form a band run- 

 ning down the center of the face. Other forms of the sambar 

 group are found in the Philippines : Mindoro, Mindanao, Basi- 

 lan, and Culion. 



The Sika Deer {Cervus nippon) stands only about three feet 

 in height. The antlers generally have four tines. In summer 

 the reddish brown coat is covered with white spots, but in the 

 darker brown winter coat these spots disappear or become very 

 indistinct. The sika is found in northern China, Manchuria, 

 Japan, Formosa, and the Luchu Islands (possibly introduced). 

 The sika deer of Formosa retains the spots to some extent 

 throughout the year. 



Numerous deer have been introduced into various sections of 

 New Zealand, namely: the European red deer {Cervus elephus), 

 the axis deer {Cervus axis), the fallow deer {Dama dama), the 

 sambar {Cervus unicolor), the sika deer {Cervus nippon), all 

 from Europe and Asia; and the Virginia deer {Odocoileus vir- 

 ginianus), the mule deer {Odocoileus hemionus), the wapiti 

 {Cervus canadensis), and the moose {Alces americanus) from 

 North America. The axis deer has also been imported to some 

 of the islands of Hawaii. 



The Grant Caribou {Rangifer granti) inhabits the western 

 end of the Alaskan Peninsula and Unimak Island of the Aleu- 

 tians ; the reindeer {Rangifer tarandus). Old World representa- 

 tive of this group, is found on Sakhalin. Caribou are large deer 

 standing about fifty inches at the shoulder. The antlers are 

 slightly palmated and are borne by both male and female. 



