802 



PATTERNS AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT 



eggs of, 585; dispermic development of, 

 594; oogenesis of, 662 



Ascidians: reconstitution in adult, 48; devel- 

 opmental pattern in, 145, 577, 580, 598; 

 differential inhibition in, 250; bilateral lar- 

 vae of, 253; buds of, 325, 635; bipolar 

 forms of, 369; induction in, 480; fusion of 

 first cleavage stages of, 541; cytoplasmic 

 movements in egg of, 577; organ-forming 

 regions in egg of, 577, 682; cleavage of, 

 577; embryonic reconstitution in, 577, 

 579; formative substances in, 579; pattern 

 in centrifuged eggs of, 587; pressure and 

 cleavage in, 592; dorsiventrality and 

 asymmetry in buds of, 635; dorsiventrality 

 in egg of, 681 



Asymmetry: of chick embryo, 159, 532, 693; 

 experimental, of planarian heads, 193; ex- 

 perimental alteration of starfish, 219; in 

 inhibited fish embryos, 257; in amphibian 

 limb regeneration, 390, 395; compensatory 

 reversal of, 411, 412; and gasteropod 

 cleavage, 553, 680; of plant zoospores and 

 gametes, 601; spiral protozoan, 616; spiral 

 of plant spermatozoids, 618; of spermato- 

 zoa, 622; unicellular, in relation to po- 

 larity, 627; as secondary features of uni- 

 cellular patterns, 627, 629; in excystment 

 of Colpoda, 628; nature of unicellular, 

 629; of ascidian buds, 635; origin and 

 nature of embryonic, 672, 700, 701; in 

 echinoderms, 677; in relation to cleavage, 

 679; genetics of, 680, 691, 700, 701; of 

 vertebrates, 691; in reversed frog eggs, 

 692; in relation to optical isomeres, 696; 

 protein configuration as basis of, 697; as 

 concentration gradients, 700. See also 

 Dorsiventrahty; Symmetry; Ventrodor- 

 saHty 



Auxin: in plant dominance, 309; direction of 

 transport of, 310; blocking of transport of, 

 311; in Fiiciis egg, 424 



Avian embryo: asymmetry of, 159, 693; oxy- 

 gen uptake of, 159; difTerential dye reduc- 

 tion in, 159; differential susceptibiHty in, 

 162; differential inhibition in, 265; recon- 

 stitution in parts of, 528; potency fields 

 of, 530; origin of axiate pattern in, 688 



Balancer: developmental field of, 289, 498; 

 induction of, 499 



Beroe, egg cortex of, 563 

 Bildungszentrum: in insect egg, 515; sugges- 

 tions concerning, 520 



Bryopsis, gradient in, 86, 89 



Bryozoa: reconstitution in, 48; buds of, 325, 



635; polyembryony in, 536; statoblast 



pattern in, 635 

 Buds: as form of development, 14; gradients 



and axes in, 16, 17, 18, 356; from plant 



epidermal cells, 17, 18; of syllid anneUds, 



20; amphibian limb, 20; "inverse" axes 

 from, 21; of hydroids, 104, 313; of bryo- 

 zoa, 325, 537, 635; of ascidians, 325, 635; 

 range of dominance in, 357; circumferen- 

 tial localization of, 431 ; in armadillo poly- 

 embryony, 539, 690; of Suctoria, 609, 610, 

 613, 614; in Noctiluca, 615; symmetry in, 

 633; asymmetry of ascidian, 636 



Carbon dioxide production: methods of de- 

 termining or estimating, 60, 731; gradient 

 in Corymorpha, 98, 100; in Metridium, 106; 

 gradient in planarians, no, 731, 737; gra- 

 dient in Stylochus, 117, 731; gradient in 

 anneUds, 122, 731; in amphibian embryo, 

 153 



Cell aggregates, origin of pattern in, 418, 419, 

 636, 640 



Centrifugal force : and polarity of Fiicus eggs, 

 425; and patterns of animal eggs, 427, 428, 

 583; and amphibian development, 428 



Cephalopod: differential developmental mod- 

 ification in, 248; cleavage of, 563 



Cerebral uliis: early cleavage of, 546; embry- 

 onic reconstitution in, 555; alteration of 

 cleavage pattern in, 591, 593 



Cerianthus: reconstitutional gradient in, 40; 

 ventrodorsal and radial pattern in, 675 



Chaetopterus: embryonic differential suscep- 

 tibility of, 120; centrifugal force and po- 

 larity of, 427, 585; embryonic duplication 

 in, 559; differentiation without cleavage 

 in, 596 



Chara: oospore and axiate pattern of, 613; 

 antherozoid development in, 618 



Clavellina, bipolar reconstitution of, 369 



Cleavage: of sea urchin, 133, 438, 589, 592; 

 differential modification of amphibian, 

 258; spiral, 544, 561, 591, 593, 594, 679; 

 cell homologies in, 552; bilaterahty and 

 spiral, 554; gradient in spiral, 561; of tur- 

 bellaria, 562; of rotifers, 563; of cteno- 

 phore, 564; of Ascaris, 570, 571; entomo- 

 stracan, 574; ascidian, 577; and centrifugal 

 force, 583; and mechanical pressure, 589; 

 alterations of spiral, 591; in Ca-free sea 

 water, 592; of dispermic and polyspermic 

 eggs, 593; differentiation without, 596 



Clepsine { = Glossipho>ua): cleavage of, 548, 



553; appearance of bilaterality in, 554 

 Coelom, differential modification of, in Pa- 



tiria, 219 

 Colpoda, asymmetry in excystment of, 628 

 Conditioning, differential; in general, 72, 166; 

 in planarian, 114, 176, 195; in echinoderm 

 development, 204, 208 

 Corals, physiological dominance in, 319, 635 

 Corella: embryonic gradients of, 145; differ- 

 ential inhibition in, 250 



