ROLE OF THE PROSENCEPHALON IN SHIVERING 
projections to the hypothalamus traverse the septum. I would like 
to suggest that study of these secondary telencephalic control 
systems is as important as study of the primary control systems 
in that it may leadto an understanding of how man's attitudes, moods 
and emotions can modify temperature regulatory mechanisms. 
Obviously many experiments must be designed and executed before 
we can hope to understand the neurology of temperature regulatory 
responses evoked by hypnosis and classical Pavlovian conditioning. 
In such a context, the work here reported with respect to septal 
versus hypothalamic control of shivering is a minute aspect of the 
much broader problem of how the higher nervous system can 
modulate functions primarily controlled by the hypothalamus. 
That these results have implicated the dorsomedial region of 
the posterior hypothalamus in the production of shivering and the 
dorsolateral region in cutaneous vasoconstriction is of value in 
offering an explanation of the many seemingly diverse results in the 
literature. However, it tells us little more about the physiology of 
shivering. 
However, by localizing control of shivering toaspecific region 
of the brain, it should be possible to implant micro-electrodes and 
monitor the activity of single neurons whose function is related to 
the production of shivering. If we can next discover cells within the 
hypothalamus whose role is blood temperature detection and if we 
can further find cells in the thalamus and/or hypothalamus whose 
role is detection of skin tern peratur.;, then we can begin to study the 
adequate physiological stimulus necessary to evoke shivering. 
Obviously before one can study the neurogenesis of a function, the 
neural regions involved in affective and effective aspects of the 
function must be localized. It is in this context that these experi- 
ments reported today may be of somevalueto a future investigation 
of the neurogenesis of shivering. 
In conclusion I would like to thank the Arctic Aeromedical Lab- 
oratory forthe privilege of attending and address ingthis symposium. 
The aim of Dr. Hemingway's UCLA group has been to utilize a 
variety of neurophysiological techniques in studies of the physiology 
of body temperature regulation. It has been a privilege to work in 
this laboratory under Dr. Hemingway's guidance, which is deeply 
383 
