STUART, D. G. 
included salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, pupillary 
dilation and constriction, piloerection, and sham rage. With the 
investigator's attention focused mainly on the presence or absence 
of shivering, it was difficult to make detailed observations of these 
responses. However, it was obvious that both parasympathetic and 
sympathetic responses could be evoked during stimulation of septal 
loci. Sometimes stimulation of the same locus evoked both sym- 
pathetic and parasympathetic responses. 
Figure 18 illustrates the septal loci stimulated by Akert and 
Kesselring (A) and Andersson (B) shown in schematic horizontal 
sections. The former schema are more dorsal than the latter. 
Figure 18C is a photograph of a frontal section of a cat brain from 
our laboratory in which a septal electrode passage is shown. The 
electrode tact in this photograph is through the lateral septum im- 
mediately adjacent to the ventricle. When the electrode was used to 
stimulate the animal, the animal shivered. Data from three labora- 
tories is assembled on a figure to illustrate that Andersson 's septal 
loci were medial, whereas Akert and Kesselring's and our own loci 
were lateral. In our case this was true in both anesthetized and 
unanesthetized preparations. As will be shown in the next section 
of this paper, stimulation of loci similar to those of Andersson 
evoked a suppression, not activation of shivering. 
SUPPRESSION OF SHIVERING DURING SEPTAL, 
ANTERIOR, AND POSTERIOR HYPOTHALAMIC 
STIMULATION 
Methods. In 8 experiments on animals anesthetized with either 
alpha chloralose (40 to 60 mg/kg I. P.) or pentobarbital sodium 
(35 mg/kg I. P.), the septum was explored systematically for sites 
which when stimulated suppressed shivering. Shivering occurred 
spontaneously in such preparations in the waning stages of anesthesia 
because the rectal temperature of each animal was maintained at 
33 C to 36 C by appropriate alterations of environmental temper- 
ature. During these experiments a stimulus was not applied to any 
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