STUART, D. G. 
limbs (record 5) for each stimulated locus was similar to that of the 
forelimbs (record 4) but weaker in intensity of response. 
As well as the production of greater somatic activity during 
posterior hypothalamic stimulation than during septal stimulation, 
respiration and heart rate increases were of greater magnitude in 
the former than in the latter case. The appropriate figures are 
listed in Table IX , but it must be pointed out that no systematic 
attempt has been made in this study to compare the alterations in 
these rates during stimulation of septal or posterior hypothalamic 
stimulation loci. 
Comments. These results tend to confirm neuroanatomical data 
that septal projections to the midbrain first relay in the hypothala- 
mus. It is not possible on the basis of the presented data to deduce 
the number of relays involved between septum and hypothalamus, 
but this was not the purpose of these experiments. Rather, it was to 
show that shivering can be induced during electrical stimulation 
with a greater stimulus intensity during septal stimulation. This 
suggests the possibility that the main control for the production 
of shivering is in the posterior hypothalamus and that facilitating 
influences can reach the hypothalamus via or originating in the 
septum. 
Akert and Kesselring (1951) first reported the production of 
shivering by stimulation of 10 septal loci and only one hypothalamic 
locus in 8 cats. Based on this work, they suggested that the septum 
was primarily implicated in the production of shivering, since 
Hess's results, from which their report was gleaned, contained 
but this one isolated example of hypothalamic stimulation producing 
shivering. However, as mentioned above, this was due more to 
the parameters of stimulus than of the locus of stimulation. Sim- 
ilarly, Andersson (1957), in reporting the consistent and repeatable 
evocation of shivering during septal stimulation in 3 unanesthetized 
goats, speculated that "it might be possible that an integrative 
action of all mechanisms concerned with heat conservation is exer- 
ted from this part of the forebrain." Possibly he would not have so 
speculated had he compared the shivering response during both 
septal and hypothalamic stimulation. Certainly the fact that shiv- 
ering occurs in animals with transection separation of the anterior 
from the posterior hypothalamus, first reported by Bazett, Alpers 
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