78 PHYSIOLOGY OF INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA 



3. a. Keller, A. D., and Hare, W. K. : The hypothalamus and heat regulation, Proc. Soc. 



Exper. Biol, and Med. 29: 1069, 1932. 



b. Keller, A. D. : Separation in the brain stem of the mechanisms of heat loss from those of 



heat production, J. Neurophysiol. 1: 543-557, 1938. 



c. Blair, J. R., and Keller, A. D. : Complete and permanent elimination of the hypothalamic 



thermogenic mechanism without afifecting the adequacy of the heat loss mechanism, 

 J. Neuropath, and Exper. Neurol. 5; 240-256, 1946. 



d. Keller, A. D., and Batsel, H. L. : The ambulatory semi-poikilotherni.ic dog (poikilo- 



thermic against cold), Army Medical Research Laboratory Report No. 84, 1952. 



4. Keller, A. D., and Blair, J. R. : Further observations on the distribution at the level of the 



pons of descending nerve fibers subserving heat regulating functions. Am. J. Physiol. 

 U7: 500-508, 1946. 



5. Grunthal, E., Mulholland, N., and Strieck, F. : Untersuchungen fiber den Einfluss des 



Zwischenhirns auf den respiratorischen Stofifwechsel des Hundes, Arch. f. exper. Path. u. 

 Pharmakol. US: 35-63, 1929. 



6. Bloch, W. : Beziehungen des Hypothalamus zum respiratorischen Stoft'wechsel, Helv. 



Physiol. Acta. 1: 53-78, 1943. 



7. Tepperman, J., Brobeck, J. R., and Long, C. N. H. : A study of experimental hypothalamic 



obesity in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 133: 468, 1941. 



8. Brooks, C, Marine, D. N., and Lambert, E. F. : A study of the food-feces ratios and of 



the oxygen consumption of albino rats during various phases of experimentally produced 

 obesity, Am. J. Physiol. 147: 717, 1946. 



9. Demunbrun, T. W., Keller, A. D., Levkofif, A. H., and Purser, R. M., Jr. : Pitocin restora- 



tion of renal hemodynamics to pre-neurohypophysectomy levels ; the effect of administering 

 neurohypophysial extraction products upon the reduced renal functions associated with 

 neurohypophysectomy. Am. J. Physiol. i79.- 429-434, 1954; Army Medical Research 

 Laboratory Report No. 135, 1954. 



10. Witt, D. M., Keller, A. D., Batsel, H. L., and Lynch, J. R. : \'ariable tolerance of diabetes 



insipidus dogs to water restriction, Fed. Proc. 12 #1, Part I: 158, 1953. 



11. Keller, A. D., Lawrence, W. E., and Blair, C. B. Effects of varying degrees of hypophy- 



sectomy in the dog. Arch. Path. 40: 289-308, 1945. 



12. Frieden, J., and Keller, A. D. : Blood pressure in normotensive and renal hypertensive dogs 



following hypothalamic ablations and neurohypophysectomy. Army Aledical Research 

 Laboratory Report No. 172, 1955. 



13. Keller, A. D., Lynch, J. R., Batsel, H. L., Witt, D. AL, and Galvin, R. D. : Anatomical and 



functional integrity of adrenal cortices not dependent on structural integrity of ventral 

 hypothalamus ; retention of eosinopenic response to surgery after ventral hypothalam- 

 ectomy in the dog, Am. J. Physiol. 179: 5-14, 1954. 



DISCUSSION 



Dr. Alan C. Burton: I would like to ask Dr. Keller if he has any ohservations on 

 the effect of these surgical procedures on the pilo-niotor response to cold. 



Dr. Keller: The first dog shown in the movie e.xhihited pilo-erection at the same 

 time that it began shivering ; this was at a colonic temperature in the neighborhood 

 of 32° C. The second dog shown exhibited no pilo-erection and did not shiver. 

 Whether or not pilo-erection can be disassociated from shivering as a neurological 

 remnant I do not know. It is difficult to tell on some animals whether pilo-erection 

 is or is not present. 



Dr. Burton: I was wondering- if you fell tliat it was mediated 1)\- adrenal or bv 

 nerve supply. 



Dr. Keller: Definitely by nerve impulses eft'erenting from the li}pollialamic level. 



