378 PHYSIOLOGY OF INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA 



2. Delorme, E. J.: Experimental cooling of the blood stream, Lancet 2: 914, 1952. 



3. Adams-Ray, J. : Personal communication. 



4. Fine, J., cl <//.; Bacterial factor in traumatic shock, Ann. \e\v York Acad. Sc. -■^.">; 429, 1952. 



5. Ross, D. N. : Venous cooling: A new method of cooling the blood stream. Lancet 2: 1108, 



1954. 



6. Jacob, S., ct al.: Bacterial action in tlie development of irreversiliility to transfusion in hem- 



orrhagic shock in the dog, Am. J. Physiol. 179: 523, 1954. 



7. Schweinburg, F. B., and Fine, J.: Resistance to bacteria in hemorrliagic shock: II. Effect 



of transient vascular collapse on sensitivity to endotoxin, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, and Med. 

 88: 589, 1955. 



8. Frank, E. D., Davidoff, D., Friedman, E. W., and Fine, J. : Host resistance to bacteria in 



hemorrhagic shock. IV. Effect of hypothermia on clearance of intravenously injected bac- 

 teria, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med., 91: 188, 1956. 



9. Schweinburg, F. B., Frank, H. A., and Fine, J. : Bacterial factor in experimental hemor- 



rhagic shock. Am. J. Physiol. 179: 532, 1954. 



10. Deterling, R. A., Nelson, E., Bhonslag, S., and Howland, W. : Studies of basic physiologic 



changes associated with hypothermia. Arch. Surg. 70: 87, 1955. 



11. Spurr, G. B., Hutt, B. K., and Horvath, S. M.: Prolonged hypothermia in the dog, Am. J. 



Physiol. 178: nS, 1954. 



12. Bigelow, W. G., Lindsay, W. K., and Greenwood, W. F. : Hypothermia, Am. Surg. Ii2: 



849, 1950. 



13. Cranston, W. I., ct al.: Carbon dioxide and control of respiration during hypothermia, 



J. Physiol. 127: 380, 1955. 



14. Fisher, B., Happel, Z., Russ, C, and Prendergast, P. : Observation on prolonged hypothermia 



in the dog. Surgical Forum, 40th Congress, Am. Coll. Surg., Vol. 5, p. 726, Saunders, 1955. 



15. Firor, W. : See discussion of Bigelow ct al. General hypothermia for experimental intra- 



cardiac surgery, Ann. Surg. 132: 531, 1950. 



16. Allen, F. M. : Biological modification of effects of roentgen ray: I. Reduced temperature. 



Am. J. Roentgen, 73: 70, 1955. 



17. Friedman, E. W., Schweinburg, F. B., and Fine, J. : Hypothermia in tourniquet shock in 



the rat. In manuscript. 



18. Duncan, G. W., and Blalock, A.: Shock produced by crush injury: Effects of administration 



of plasma and local application of cold. Arch. Surg. 45: 183, 1942. 



19. Parkins, \V. M., Ben, M., and Vars, H. M. : Tolerance of temporary occlusion of the 



thoracic aorta in normotherniic and hypothermic dogs. Surgery 38: 38, 1955. 



20. Frank, E. D., and Davidoff', D. : Effect of hypothermia in experimental peritonitis. Unpub- 



lished data. 



DISCUSSION 



Dr. E. Frank: I would like to show you some extended studies based on con- 

 tinuation of Dr. Friedman's work in an effort to define some of these antibacterial 

 protective mechanisms as provided by hypothermia in hemorrhagic shock. 



Table I shows five groups of experiments. If a single group of dogs is given a 

 standard dose of bacteria, in these experiments E. coli, they tolerate it quite well 

 ((jroup I). If a separate grotip of dogs, Grotip II, is subjected to two hotu's of 

 hemorrhagic hyi)otension, then retransfused, they, too, can be expected to live. If, 

 however, you combitie those two procedtn'es, namely two hours of hemorrhagic 

 hypotension plus inlrax'enous bacteria, yott wind u]) willi 100 per cent mortality 

 within one to three days ((jronp III). In other words, the two hours of hypotension, 

 though not lethal in itself, has done something to make it more possible for bacteria 

 to go on and kill that animal. 



However, in (in)U])s I\' and \' n'ou will notice that if the dog is cooled i)rior to 



