INDEX 



423 



Strongylocentrotus, -Pteraster associa- 

 tion, 331, 332 



-Pugettia association, 331 

 Structural adaptations, 32 

 Structure, 55 



animal, 55 



biome, 55 



plant, 40 

 Sturgeon, lake, 306 



shovel-nosed, 305 

 Sturnella (meadow lark), 257 



neglecta, 259 

 Sturnus vulgaris, 227 

 Styliplankton, 14 

 Subclimates, 243 

 Subclimax, 16 

 Subdominants, 234. 239, 300, 355 



California prairie, 287, 288 



coastal prairie, 279 



desert plains, 283 



lake climaxes, 306 



mixed prairie, 262 



Palouse prairie, 292 



river climaxes, 300 



true prairie, 272, 273 

 Subinfluents, 234, 241, 249 

 Subseres, 232 

 Substages, 232 

 Subtidal communities, 313 

 Subtidal type, 325 

 Succession, 4. 56, 61, 66, 70. 126, 329, 



330, 353 

 Successional development, 231, 304 

 Succinea ovalis, 231 

 Sucker, 159, 301. 307 

 Sucker-mouthed minnow. 308 

 Sucking habit, 300 

 Sulphur, bacteria, 101 



compounds, 314 



dioxide, 297 

 Sulphurous acid, 101, 314 

 Sumac, 127 

 Sunspot, cycle, 28, 191, 192. 194 



numbers, 222 



relation to migration, 222-225 



years, 194 

 Superdominant. 148 

 Superorganism, 22 

 Surface layers, 319 

 Surf smelt, 316 



Swallows, 86, 134, 223 



barn, 135 



cliff, 135 

 Swamp rabbit, 280 

 Swamp rattlesnake, 276 

 Swamp wood rat, 280 

 Swamps, 112 

 Swifts, 134 



Swift-water community, 310 

 Swine rooting, 79, 85 

 Sword bearer, 274 

 Sylvilagus aquaticus littoralis, 289 

 Symbiosis, 138-144 

 Sj'mbiotic relation, 155 

 Symbiotic trophism, 144 

 Symphiles, 154 

 Synchaeta, 301 



pectinata, 303 



stylata, 303 

 Syndosmya, 336 



alba (abra), 341 



community, 340 



ecotone, 349 



nitida, 341 



-Solen association, 348 



-Solen-Mya association, 349 

 Synecology, 1 

 Syrphus flies, 275 



Tanager, 143, 210 



Tanganyika, 12 



Tarpon, 201 



Taxidea, taxus, 243, 257, 259 



taxus berlandieri, 285 



taxus neglecta, 289 

 Teaching in mammals, 33 

 Techniques, ecological, 355-35S 

 Teeth, mammal, 187 

 Tellina fabula, 341 

 Temperature, 92 



fresh-water, 296 



rutting and, 47-48 

 Tenebrionidae, 266 

 Termites, 152, 155 

 Terrapene ornata, 268 

 Terrestrial plants, 302 

 Terrigenous bottom, 298 

 Territorial limits, 171 

 Territory, 167-172 



ant, 170-172 



