416 



INDEX 



Nesting, 112 



conditions, 105 

 Nests, 46, 110, 112 

 Nexe, 115, 116, 238 

 Niche, 26, 242 

 Nighthawk, 135 

 Nitrates, 73 



Nitrogren-fixing bacteria, 139 

 Noddies, 227 

 Nolina, 283 

 Northern flicker, 129 

 Norway lemming, 184, 190 

 Norway rat, 166 

 Nostoc, 139 

 Notostorium, 318 

 Nucula, 181, 348 



-Corbula association, 348 



tenuis, 334, 341 

 Nudibranch, 339 

 Numbers, 322 



bird, 357 

 Nut, 126 

 Nutcrackers, 126 

 Nut weevils, 126 



Nyctanthous or night bloomers, 41 

 Nymphs, mayfly, 299 



stonefly, 308 



Oak, red, 232 



white, 232 

 Oak-hickory association, 277 

 Odocoileus virginianus, 108 

 Oenothera caespitosa, 64 

 Old age, 187 



Oligocottus maculosus, 333 

 Olneya, 283 

 Omnivores, 131, 161 

 Oncorhynchus, gorbuscha, 316 



kisutch, 316 



nerka, 316 

 Onychomys, 257 



leucogaster articeps, 259 

 Onuphis conchylega, 334 

 Ophiocten scriceum, 334 

 Ophioglypha, 350 

 Ophiopholis, 350 



aculeata var. kennerlyi, 339 

 Ophiura, 341, 350 

 Ophiurids, 140, 340, 349 

 Ophulella pelidna, 280 



Opladelus olivaris, 305 

 Opossum, 62 

 Opuntia, 279 

 Orchelimum vulgare, 275 

 Orchidaceae, 140 

 Orcinus rectipinna, 316 

 Oregonia, 331 

 Organic detritus, 100 

 Organism, 22 



coaction, 104, 105 



motile, 34 



quasi, 22 



real, 22 



sedentary, 34 



sessile, 34 



super, 22 

 Orphulella pelidna, 267 

 Orthoptera, 260, 275, 280 

 Oryzomys palustris texensis, 280 

 Oryzopsis hymenoides, 291 

 Ostrea, edulis, 337 



lurida, 338 



virginica, 338 

 Otocoris (horned lark), 257 



alpestris leucodaema, 259 

 Otospermophilus, beecheyi, 290 



fisheri, 290 



grammurus, 290 

 Otter, 132 

 Ovenbird, 220 

 Ovibos moschatus, 114 

 Owl, 133, 183 



short-eared. 190 



snowy, 190 

 Oxbow, 302 

 Oxygen, 165, 296 

 Oyster, 6, 313, 333, 337 



rock, 330 



Pacific blackfin, 316 

 Paleo-ecology, 4 

 Palm warbler, 220 

 Panclimax, 243 

 Pandalus, 331 

 Pandora, 332 



filosa, 339 



-Yoldia biome, 338, 339 

 Panformation, 243 

 Panicum, halli, 282 



obtusum, 282 



