INDEX 



405 



Cycles, 177, 145, 175-199, 176 



among fish, 187, 199 



and numbers, 41, 175, 176 



animal, 177-180 



astronomical, 47 



cannibalism, 188 



causes, 180-199 



competition, 185-187 



death, 182, 183 



enemies and disease, 183-185 



flower, 41, 42 



game bird, 196 



grouse, 174 



in bird numbers, 183, 196, 197 



in insect populations, 197-199 



in mammal populations, 192-196 



irregular fluctuations, 188-190 



loss of eggs, 180-182 



nature, 177-180 



physiological changes, 187-188 



qualitative or quantitative failure of 

 food supply, 185 



rise to maximum abundance, 190, 191 



salmon, 187, 242 



sunspot, 28, 191, 192 

 maximum, 191 

 minimum, 191 



yearly, 242 

 Cyclops, bicuspidatus, 301, 303 



viridis, 303 

 Cyclothone, 318, 322 



-Acanthephyra biome, 318 

 Cylindrospermum, 139 

 Cynodon dactylon, 279 

 Cynomys, gunnisoni, 122 



ludovicianus, 81, 259, 285 



Dab, 336, 340 



long rough, 340 

 Damsel-fly nymphs, 308 

 Danthonia, 287 



californica, 287, 291 

 Daphnia longispina, 301 

 Dasylirion, 283 

 Death, 182, 183 

 Deciduous forest, 20 

 Decline, 182 

 Decumbent animals, 52 

 Dedronotus giganteus, 339 



Deer, 105, 108, 120, 123, 183, 186, 201, 

 242 



Kaibab, 62, 185, 201 



Virginia, 62, 276 

 Defoliation, 108 

 Delphinium, 288 

 Den, 74, 132 



Dendroctonus ponderosae, 130 

 Density of fresh water, 295 

 Dentition, 132 

 Desert, 20 



Desert horned lark, 265 

 Desert plains, 256, 281 

 Desmoplankton, 14 

 Destroyers, 126 

 Detritus, 76, 77, 299, 301 

 Detritus-eaters, 350 

 Development of community, 309 

 Diabrotica 12-punctata, 275 

 Diaptomus, pallidus, 301 



siciloides, 301 

 Diatom, ooze, 101 



shells, 102 

 Diatomaceous soil, 75 

 Diatoms, 102, 315, 321 

 Dichasma, 167 

 Dickcissel, 274 

 Diet, 127 

 Digging, 127 



of amphibians, 82 



of birds, 82 



of invertebrates, 82, 83, 84 



of mammals, 80 



of reptiles, 82 

 Dinoflagellates, 315 

 Dipodomys, 243 



merriami merriami, 285 



nitratoidcs, 290 



spectabilis, 74, 113, 283, 284, 285 

 Diptera, 275 



Disclimax, 261, 263, 273, 279, 289 

 Disease, 174, 183-185 

 Disoperation, 149, 157-159 



in animal communities, 157, 158 



in plant communities, 157, 158 



nature and scope, 157 

 Dissemination, by animals, 129, 130 



in plants, 42, 59 

 Disseminules, 34, 44 

 Dissosteira Carolina, 267 



