Lymphocytic Response to Tissue Transplantation 105 



In a number of studies, fragments of tissue have been transferred, rather 

 than suspensions of cells. In an early study (1930), Topley injected paraty- 

 phoid bacilli into rabbits intravenously. A day later the spleens of these 

 rabbits were minced, and the fragments were injected intraperitoneally into 

 fresh rabbits. The sera of the recipients developed agglutinins within a few- 

 days after transfer, which was earlier than would have been expected in the 

 case of a primary response of the recipient to antigen present in the trans- 

 planted tissue. 29 Fragraeus and Grabar transplanted fragments of splenic 

 tissue from immunized donors into the peritoneum of recipients and sub- 

 sequently found antibody in the sera of the latter.' 1 " Hale and Stoner ob- 

 tained fragments of lymph nodes and spleen of mice which had received 

 two injections of tetanus toxoid and transplanted these into the anterior 

 chamber of the eyes of irradiated mice. Antitoxin appeared in the sera of 

 the recipients in low 7 concentration.' 51 Oakley, Warrack, and Batty injected 

 diphtheria or tetanus toxoid into the interscapular fat of rabbits and be- 

 tween three and ten days after a secondary injection removed the fat and 

 transplanted fragments of the tissue to the omentum of normal rabbits. Anti- 

 toxin appeared in the sera of the recipients subsequently. 11 ' 



In many of the studies referred to above, suspensions of cells or tissue 

 fragments were injured by heating, freezing, and thawing or by treatment 

 with distilled water before being transferred. In all these the transfer of such 

 preparations did not lead to the appearance of antibody in the corresponding 

 recipient animal. Transfer of cells or fragments to animals of other species 

 has also been found to be ineffective (with the exception of a study reported 

 by Wesslen. 33 



More recently it has been found possible in the case of some antigens to 

 provide the contact between antigen and lymph node cells in vitro. In 

 experiments with lymph node cells from uninjected donors, Harris, Harris, 

 and Father found that such cells could be incubated in vitro with Shigella 

 paradysenteriae } washed and transferred to irradiated recipients with the sub- 

 sequent appearance of agglutinins to Shigella in the sera of the latter. The 

 appearance of antibody in the sera of recipients of such lymph node cells was 

 later than in the case of lymph node cells which had been obtained from 

 antigen-injected donor animals. 14 In a later study a soluble form of the anti- 

 gen was used for in vitro incubation with the lymph nodes cell, with results 

 similar to those described. 1!l 



In another study involving in vitro contact between antigen and, in this 

 case, spleen cells, Sterzl reported the appearance of agglutinins following 

 the intraperitoneal injection of five-day-old rabbits with spleen cells which 

 had been incubated in vitro with Salmonella paratyphi B. 35 Finally. Holub 

 incubated cells from lymph (cisterna chyli) of rabbits in vitro with Brucella 



