282 The Lymphocyte and Lymphocytic Tissue 



low cytoplasmic-nuclear ratio of the small mature lymphocytes, have an 

 overabundance of cytoplasm as their most outstanding feature (cf. Chapter 

 1 1). The increased cytoplasm may be pale in color, deeply blue, or a mixture 

 of the two shades. The basophilic material may radiate in spokelike fashion 

 through the paler cell body. It may or may not contain round, purple 

 azurophilic granules. Such granules, if present, may be small or large, 

 sparse or numerous. Vacuoles may be present. The nuclear pattern may be 



I W A** 



Fig. 19-18. A central group of plasma cells. All stages of transforma- 

 tion from the surrounding lymphocytes to plasma cells are present. 

 Bone marrow showing chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated 

 by Waldenstrom's syndrome. Leishman stain. (X 1100) 



identical to that of the normal lymphocyte, or the pattern may be coarser, if 

 possible, with larger chromatin blocks apparent. Vacuoles may be present 

 in the nucleus. The nuclear membrane is thick, and the nucleus is 

 eccentrically positioned. 



A small percentage of such atypical or leukocytoid lymphocytes may be 

 present in normal individuals, 45 increasing percentages, however, are char- 

 acteristic of (but not diagnostic of) infectious mononucleosis, 17 viral hepa- 

 titis, 37 adrenal hypocorticism, 14 and in rare instances chronic lymphocytic 

 leukemia as described above. 



CYTOLOGY OF ANTIBODY FORMATION 



II the experimentally documented concepts of the cellular lineages in- 

 volved in antibody formation are outlined (Table 19-3), it will be found 



4 



