SCHMIDT 

 ride; in the active animals, it simply gets there quicker. 



BERRY: It should be possible to measure the total fecal material 

 discharged. 



SCHMIDT; That is right. We have records on this, but I did 

 not think that the data that I had suggested anything very un- 

 usual about this, and as I mentioned, I feel that this retention 

 is a mechanical sort of thing. Now, perhaps not in the case of 

 Coxsackie B-3. Dempster^ has reported active infection in his 

 animals. He's worked with bats and also with ground squirrels 

 of a different species than mine. There are some things that 

 we have to get straightened out about Dempster's work, but 

 he claims that, for instance, the virus actually multiplies during 

 hibernation. 



CAMPBELL: What happens if you remove the brown fat be- 

 fore or during hibernation? 



SULKIN: I think it would be impossible to do this, because 

 although brown fat is located largely in the interscapular area, 

 it is distributed elsewhere in the body, so you could never do 

 a definitive experiment of this sort. 



CAMPBELL: But it is fairly localized in mammals; you could 

 take most of it out. 



SULKIN: You could take a pretty good chunk of it out. But 

 there is a lot of brown fat along the spinal column and else- 

 where, and it may not take much to do the trick. 



WALKER: How important is temperature to this natural hi- 

 bernation that you speak of? How low must this be in either bats 

 or squirrels? 



SCHMIDT: These animals will become groggy, sleepy, tor- 

 pid and in a state of hibernation around 19° C, for instance, but 



1 Dempster et al. 1961. Canad. J. Microbiol. 7: 587-594. 



414 



