104 INTRODUCTION TO CYTOLOGY 



3. Karyolym'ph, or nuclear sap; 



4. Nucleolus or nucleoli; and 



5. Occasional ergastic matter. 



B. The Cytosome, the extra-nuclear region comprising 



6. Cytoplasm, with differentiated 



7. Membranes at its outer surface (plasma membrane) and 



bounding the sap vacuole (tonoplast) ; 



8. Plastids, characteristic of plants, with a special role in the 



elaboration and storage of carbohydrates (chiefly) ; 



9. Golgi material, or "Golgi zone," characteristic of animals, 



and concerned in the elaboration of secretions; regarded 

 by some workers as ergastic; 



10. Centrosomes, present in animals and some lower plants; and 



11. Ergastic substances, non-protoplasmic constituents compris- 



ing 



(a) Chondrio somes, small masses of a substance reacting 

 as phospholipide and albumin, produced and used 

 by the protoplast; regarded by many as cytoplasmic 

 organs ; 



(6) Vacuolar materials, in particular the cell sap of plants ; 



(c) Other ergastic substances, chiefly reserves and by- 

 products. 



C. The Cell Wall of plants, mainly ergastic in nature, but possibly 



incorporating protoplasm; or 

 The intercellular substance of animals. 



Because of their prominence in the hterature, the partial classifications employed 

 by P. A. and P. Dangeard, Guilliermond, and Meyer for plant cells are presented 

 here. 



Dangeard (1923, 1929, 1931): 



1. The nucleome, the nucleus or nuclei. 



2. The vacuonie, comprising all the vacuoles. 



3. The plastidome, comprising all the plastids. 



4. The cytome, or assemblage of cytosomes [plant chondriosomes]. 



5. The ergastome, including the oily or osmiophilic bodies called liposomes by 



Faure-Fremiet. 

 Guilliermond (1919 et seq.): 



1. The chondriome, comparable to that of animal cells and comprising chon- 



driosomes of two kinds: 



(a) Ordinary ones common to plants and animals; 



(6) Active ones forming plastids in green plants. 



2. The vacuome, or vacuole system. 



3. The lipoid granulations, which are ergastic. 

 [4. The nucleus.] 



Meyer (1896, 1920): 



1. The nucleus. 



2. The cytoplasm. 



3. The plastids. 



4. Ergastic substances. 



