GAMETOGENESIS AND SPOROGENESIS 



199 



The mature spermatozoids of the algae are usually described as having 

 a considerable amount of cytoplasm, but evidently this is not always 

 the case. In Fucus serratus the figures of Guignard (1889) and Kylin 

 (1916) represent the cytoplasm as equaling or exceeding the nucleus in 

 volume, whereas in 7^. Areschougii Kylin (1920) has shown that the main 

 portion of the spermatozoid is nuclear, the cytoplasm being very small in 

 amount (Fig. 116, yl). At one side is the eyespot, which is derived from 

 the chromatophore of the antheridial cell through an intermediate color- 



FiG. 116. — Spermatozoids of plants. A, Fucus Areschougii; b, blepharoplast; c, 

 chromatophore; 7i, nucleus; p, plastomere. (After Kylin, 1920.) B, Chara. (After 

 Belajeff.) C, QiJdogonium. D., Zamia. (After Webber.) E, Onoclea. (After Steil, 

 1918a.) F, Riccardia. (After Steil, 1923.) G, Marsilia; spermatozoid extended as it 

 enters gelatinous material about the archegonium. (After Sharp, 1914.) 



less stage. Connected with it is the blepharoplast, which arises from the 

 centrioles, according to Meves (1918c). Farther back are one or more 

 "plastomeres," which appear to be chondriosomal in nature. 



Fungi. — In their reproductive processes the fungi show many interest- 

 ing parallels with the algae, at least among the largely coenocytic phy- 

 comycetes. In Synchytrium the zoospores and gametes are uniciliate, 

 the gametes being morphologically alike. In Allomyces javanicus the 

 gametes are unlike in size. In Monoblepharis the zoospores are uniciliate 

 also, while the gametes are differentiated into large eggs borne in oogonia 

 and small uniciliate sperms. In the other oomycetes^ the male element is 



6 Trow (1895-1904), Wager (1896, 19006), F. L. Stevens (1901), B. M. Davis 

 (1900, 1903, 19055), Miyake (1901), P. Claussen (1908), Murphy (1918), P. M. Patter- 

 son (1927a), Nishimura (1926), Carlson (1929), G. O. Cooper (1929a6), Couch (1932a). 



