32 ANATOMY 



early state of differentiation is in reality due to the presence of 

 epinephrine is demonstrated by the inhibition of intestinal 

 movements by extracts of this tissue. 317 • 669 



ACCESSORY ADRENAL BODIES 



The tissues of the adrenals are not confined to that which 

 occurs in the main glands. As we have already seen, the 

 medullary tissue is only one part of a widely distributed 

 chromaphil system. The cortical tissue is also composed of 

 several masses of glandular tissue located at a considerable 

 distance from the main gland. Previous writers have con- 

 sidered all of this tissue, because of a similarity in its gross 

 histological appearance, as being functionally part of the same 

 tissue. This view, however, is not supported by physiological 

 or pathological findings and we shall, therefore, classify the 

 cortical (or interrenal tissue) into two groups: 1) the true 

 cortical tissue and 2) the androgenic tissue. The cortical 

 tissue proper elaborates a hormone essential for life. It forms 

 the outer layers of the adrenal gland and occurs at times as 

 accessory adrenal bodies in the near vicinity of the adrenal. 

 A second part of the cortical tissue, resembling the first histo- 

 logically in many respects, occurs as the internal layer of the 

 cortex in certain animals during the early period of develop- 

 ment, but soon disappears (except under some pathological 

 conditions). This tissue also appears in the form of temporary 

 accessory bodies which are widely distributed. The second 

 type of cortical tissue shall be designated as the androgenic 

 tissue because of its masculinizing effects and shall be described 

 in the next chapter. 



Accessory adrenals were first described in the dog by Hart- 

 mann in 1699 and in man by Morgagni in 1740. Du Vernoi in 

 1751 described their occurrence in man with particular clarity. 55 

 Accessory adrenal tissue also frequently occurs as islets in the 

 medulla or in the cortical tissue and was first noted by Nagel 464 

 and subsequently by Rokitansky, 535 Arnold, 19 Marchetti, 431 

 and others. These islets resemble benign adenomata and 



