268 CORTEX 



extirpation of the medulla. Epinephrine and histamine are 

 marked antagonists in their effects on the circulation. One 

 would anticipate, therefore that the secretion of epinephrine 

 called forth by an injection of histamine into a normal animal 

 would raise its tolerance to this drug compared, for example, 

 to a partially adrenalectomized animal in which no cortical in- 

 sufficiency was manifest. In the case of most drugs hitherto 

 investigated, however, the absence of medullary secretion is 

 not responsible for an appreciable part of the hypersensitivity 

 to toxic agents for such hypersensitivity can be counteracted 

 by the maintenance of the animal on an adequate dose of the 

 cortical hormone. 686 



Adrenalectomized animals are also abnormally susceptible 

 to anaphylactic shock as produced, for example, by the injec- 

 tion of horse serum in rats or guinea pigs. 200 ■ 350 This effect 

 is obtained if the animals are sensitized either before or after 

 the removal of the adrenals, and is related chiefly to the degree 

 of adrenal insufficiency. 



Rabbits with a high grade but sublethal adrenal insufficiency, 

 after immunization with sheep blood-corpuscles, show hemoly- 

 sin titers more than twice as high as in control animals. This 

 increased antibody formation was attributed by Take and 

 Marine 620 to a loss of some regulatory and inhibitory influence 

 which the cortex of the adrenal normally exerts on the irrita- 

 bility and susceptibility of the body cells. If the amount of 

 antibody produced by an animal depends on the concentration 

 of the dosage of antigen, increased formation of hemolysin in 

 adrenalectomized animals would be explained by the failure of 

 the body to detoxify the antigen in adrenal insufficiency thus 

 maintaining it in a high concentration. There is also hyper- 

 trophy of the lymphoid tissues in adrenal insufficiency and 

 these may be concerned in antibody formation. 620 



Rats immunized with typhoid vaccine within three weeks 

 following adrenalectomy were found by Jaffe and Marine 336 to 

 have agglutinin titers averaging two to three times that of 



