66 INANITION AND MALNUTRITION 



UROCHORDA (TUNICATA) 



A few observations have been made upon inanition among the Tunicates, 

 a sub-phylum of the Chordata, closely related to the Vertebrata. Herbst 

 C97), in connection with his study of the effects of various salt deficiencies 

 upon the development of Echinoderms and other organisms, noted that in 

 Phallusia mammillata and Ciona intestinalis, "Die Furchung geht also bei 

 Ascidien auch in phosphorfreiem Medium vor sich, fur die spatere Organbildung 

 und deren Ablauf ist aber die Phosphorzufuhr von aussen unentbehrlich." 

 The Ascidian ova thus appear to have an unusually large initial supply of 

 phosphorus. The tendency to loosening of the intercellular substance, resulting 

 in the detachment of the cells as a result of calcium deficiency was also noted 

 (among other forms) in the larvae of Ciona intestinalis by Herbst ('oo). . Schultz 

 ('07) found that the "reduction" phenomena during regeneration in Clavellina 

 lepadiformis resemble those produced by inanition, since the regeneration process 

 withdraws nutriment from the remainder of the organism. 



