56 



INANITION AND MALNUTRITION 





;t mm 



g^i— f 



Fig. 27. Fig. 28. 



Fig. 27. — Cross sections of two gland-tubules from the albuminous (accessory sexual) 

 gland of the snail, Helix pomalia; to show the effect of inanition. (From Krahelska '13.) 

 a, section of a normal gland tubule; bases of the cells external, with nuclei and granular cyto- 

 plasm; the vacuoles in the cells correspond to the secretion granules; lumen lined by a flattened 

 synctial layer, b, corresponding section of a gland-tubule after about five months of starva- 

 tion. Tubule and constituent cells greatly reduced in size; cells fused into a syncytial mass, 

 enclosing the deeply-staining, pycnotic nuclei. 



Fig. 28. — Normal gland cell from the albuminous (accessory sexual) gland of the snail, 

 Helix arbustornm. (From Krahelska '13.) This corresponds to a single cell of those shown in 

 Fig. 27a, but more highly magnified ( X800). The nucleus, N, is at the base of the cell; the 

 cell body is largely composed of vacuoles enclosing secretory granules and their associated 

 " chromatoplasts " (chromidial apparatus). 



- ... rn ^.J& 



Fig. 29. Fig. 30. 



Fig. 29. — Three gland cells from the albuminous (accessory sexual) gland of the snail, 

 Helix pomalia, after eight weeks of starvation. (From Krahelska '13.) X800. The nuclei 

 are hyperchromatic but slightly changed in size; while the cytoplasm is greatly reduced in 

 volume. Two of the cells each contain a large vacuole, enclosing granular remnants of the 

 secretion-granules and associated structures. 



Fig. 30. — A portion of a gland-tubule from the albuminous gland of the snail, Helix 

 pomatia, after twenty weeks of starvation. X800. (From Krahelska '13.) Degenerative 

 stage, the nuclei of gland cells and stroma being intermingled in a scanty vacuolated degener- 

 ated mass of cytoplasm. Many cells show necrosis, with disintegrating nuclei. 



