EFFECTS ON THE INTEGUMENT 



125 



3. Proliferative Atrophy. — In this case the nuclei of the fat cells proliferate, 

 which may occur with either simple or serous atrophy. 



Flemming considered the simple atrophy more characteristic of chronic 

 malnutrition and old age, serous atrophy arising in acute inanition and prolif- 

 erative atrophy in either acute or chronic inanition. His classification, with 

 more or less modification, has since been generally followed. Hammar ('95) 

 has shown a variation according to the type of adipose tissue, to be considered 

 later (under hibernation). Further details in the process of adipose atrophy 

 are also given by Poljakoff ('88, '95), Metzner C90), Lindemann ('99), Pasini 

 ('03), Bell (cited by Waters '08), Schidachi ('08) (with extensive review of the 

 literature), Monckeberg ('12), Matsuoka ('15), and Lubarsch ('21a). Metzner 



Fig. 50. — Normal bone marrow from the 

 tibia of a young adult rabbit, showing the 

 fibrous reticulum, large fat cells (containing 

 fat droplets of variable size), and a few mar- 

 row cells and erythrocytes. X500. (Jack- 

 son '04.) 



Fig. 51. — Gelatinous marrow from the 

 tibia of a starved rabbit. The fat cells 

 have assumed a shrunken stellate form. The 

 fat has disappeared, excepting a few small 

 granules in two of the cells. The stroma 

 presents a gelatinous, amorphous mass with 

 lighter staining areas around each cell. The 

 reticulum fibers are present in reduced num- 

 ber, and the blood vessels are evident. X500. 

 (Jackson '04.) 



('90) described fuchsinophile (Altmann) granules in atrophic fat cells, which 

 probably correspond to the lipoidal fat granules mentioned by subsequent 

 observers (cf. Cramer '20). 



Herter ('97) described the replacement of the subcutaneous fat and adipose 

 bone marrow by a gelatinous substance in pigs during fat starvation. 



The mucoid (or "gelatinous") atrophy of Bichat and Virchow is indeed 

 especially characteristic in the adipose bone marrow during inanition. Neumann 

 ('68), Feigel ('72), and Hoyer ('73) described in starved animals the transforma- 

 tion of the marrow fat cells into a network of branching cells lying in a hyalin, 

 mucin-containing ground substance. Fenger ('73), Ricklin ('79), Geelmuyden 

 ('86), and Helly ('06) described a similar involution of the adipose marrow in 

 various human cachexias. Further details were added by Bizzozero ('69, 



