264 INANITION AND MALNUTRITION 



"Durant le premier tiers environ du temps de l'abstinence, la quantite 

 de la lymphe est tres considerable, et augmente d'autant plus, que l'animal est a 

 jeun depuis plus longtemps. Dans les deux autres tiers du temps de l'absti- 

 nence, la quantite de la lymphe diminue graduellement. Quelques heures 

 avant la mort, le canal thoracique n'en contient que tres-peu. Les vaisseaux 

 lymphatiques des diverses regions du corps se vident de lymphe d'autant plus 

 tard comparativement qu'ils s'en etaient remplis moins lentement. Generale- 

 ment la vitesse avec laquelle la lymphe parcourt des vaisseux est tres-peu con- 

 siderable. Elle augment d'autant plus, que la quantite de ce fluide devient 

 plus forte. Elle diminue graduellement, a mesure que la lymphe est en moindre 

 proportion dans le systeme lymphatique. Durant la periode de son augmenta- 

 tion en quantite, la lymphe devient graduellement plus riche en matiere color- 

 ante, en caillot et en fibrine. La lymphe est d'autant moins coagulable, coloree 

 et fibrineuse, dans la reste de la duree de l'abstinence, que la mort et moins 

 eloignee." 



Tiedemann ('36) found that with the decrease in blood volume during inani- 

 tion, there is an increased activity of the absorbent system, so that the fluids of 

 the serous and joint cavities are diminished. 



Bourgeois ('70) stated that the results of Collard de Martigny as to the 

 lymph during inanition were confirmed by Magendie and Bouchardat. In 

 numerous fasting mammals, Bourgeois found "Les ganglions lymphatiques sont 

 tres-developpes, quelquefois injectes, surtout dans l'abdomen." 



The observations of Cunningham ('80), Hofmeister ('87), Erdely ('05) and 

 Holthusen ('10) on the atrophic changes in the intestinal lymphoid tissue during 

 inanition will be considered in the chapter on the alimentary canal. 



In 6 severely starved young and adult rabbits, Morpurgo ('88, '89, '89a) 

 noted atrophic changes in the intestinal lymphoid tissue (to be mentioned later) 

 and also in the lymphatic glands. The cervical and mesenteric glands appear 

 reduced in size and consistency. The lymphoid cells are greatly decreased in 

 number, in both the superficial and the deeper lymph spaces. The medullary 

 cords are very slender and poor in lymphoid cells. Mitoses persist, however, 

 both in cortex and medulla, in the places where mitoses normally occur. "Leur 

 nombre est certainement diminue; et il me semble aussi que la substance chroma- 

 tophile etait devenue plus rare." The intercellular "tingible bodies" of Flem- 

 ming were observed. 



In similar rabbits refed 4 or 5 days after inanition Morpurgo ('90) found the 

 number of lymphoid cells in the mesenteric lymph glands, especially in the 

 medullary cords, more numerous. The lymph vessels still appeared to contain 

 relatively few cells, however. Numerous mitoses were found in both cortex 

 and medulla, and they appeared larger in diameter than during starvation. 

 Phagocytes and " tingible bodies " of Flemming appeared less numerous. 



Retterer ('02) subjected adult guinea pigs to total inanition, and during 

 the first 5 days found the lymphatic ganglia grey in color, with dilated lymph 

 sinuses free from red cells. In animals starved to death in 7 days, however, 

 the small peripheral ganglia appeared reddish; the central ganglia appeared grey 

 on the surface, but the medulla was reddish, with sinuses containing numerous 



