344 INANITION AND MALNUTRITION 



weight during the earlier stages of scurvy, but a return to normal weight in 

 advanced stages (Table 12). 



Hojer ('24) describes in the liver of scorbutic guinea pigs variable atrophic 

 cell changes, combined with (fatty) degeneration and necrosis with calcification. 



Aqueous Inanition. — Schuchardt ('47) in pigeons on a dry barley diet with 

 loss of 44 per cent in body weight found a loss of 41 per cent in the weight of the 

 liver. Falck and Scheffer ('54) in a dog on dry biscuit with loss of 20 per cent in 

 body weight observed an apparent loss of 25 per cent in the liver. Skorit- 

 schenko ('83) gave data on the change in water content of the liver, etc., in 

 rabbits on dry diet. 



Pernice and Scagliosi ('95a) in a dog on dry bread diet with loss of 24 per cent 

 in body weight, found the liver at autopsy hyperemic, with slight thickening of 

 the capsule. The gall-bladder contained a little thick fluid. Histologically 

 there was an increase of interlobular stroma, sometimes showing slight round 

 cell infiltration. All the veins appeared hyperemic, with thickened walls; in 

 the portal vessels, the intima formed a deeply staining layer, rich in nuclei. The 

 bile-ducts appeared widened, with lining cells sometimes hypertrophied. The 

 parenchyma was normal in arrangement, but the cells appeared atrophic, notably 

 around the central vein, where they also showed granular and fatty degeneration, 

 staining poorly with alum carmine. A few mitoses were found. In 3 young 

 chickens similarly subjected to dry diet, the liver showed marked passive hypere- 

 mia, especially in the region of the central lobular veins. The liver-cell cords 

 appeared atrophic (from pressure atrophy) , with poorly stained nuclei. Around 

 the large veins, the cells were compressed, forming a yellowish layer. The 

 interlobular connective tissue appeared thickened in places, with occasional 

 infiltration of Glisson's capsule by small round cells, especially near hemorrhages. 

 The bile-capillaries appeared unchanged, and mitoses were rare in the liver-cells. 



Durig ('01) noted that in frogs during desiccation the loss in liver weight is 

 nearly parallel to that in the body weight. In adult albino rats on a dry diet, 

 Kudo ('21) found in the acute thirst series a loss of 37 per cent in the liver weight 

 (with loss of 36 per cent in body weight), and in the chronic thirst series a loss of 

 55 per cent in liver weight (loss of 52 per cent in body weight) (Table 9). In 

 young rats held at constant body weight from about 1 month of age by dry diets 

 for various periods, Kudo ('21a) found the liver averaging above normal 

 weight in all groups (Table 10), which recalls the persistent growth of the liver 

 during the simple underfeeding experiments previously mentioned. 



