388 INANITION AND MALNUTRITION 



epithelium showed degenerative changes and desquamation, sometimes appar- 

 ently indirect cell-division. The capillary endothelium in places appeared 

 hypertrophied or degenerated. Some of the renal changes found by Pernice 

 and Scagliosi are shown in Fig. 99. 



In frogs with partial withdrawal of the water from the body by dessication, 

 Durig ('01) observed that the kidneys, in spite of a marked decrease in water 

 content, showed a relative increase in weight due to the retention of insoluble 

 urinary constituents. 



In adult albino rats on dry diets, Kudo ('21) found in the acute thirst series 

 (loss of 36 per cent in body weight) a loss of 23.8 per cent in the kidney weight; 

 in the chronic thirst series (loss of 52.4 per cent in body weight) a loss of 33.1 

 per cent in the kidneys; and in a rat on total inanition (body loss 47.2 per cent) 

 a loss of 41.7 per cent in the kidneys (Table 9). There was also an apparent loss 

 in bladder weight of 40 per cent in the acute thirst series and of 47 per cent in 

 the chronic thirst series. 



In young albino rats held at constant body weight by a relatively dry diet for 

 various periods beginning at about 4 weeks of age, Kudo ('21a) found that the 

 kidneys show a marked increase in weight, varying from 35 to 65 per cent in the 

 various groups (Table 10). This increase in weight appears relatively greater 

 than that found by Jackson and Stewart in young rats held at constant body 

 weight by simple underfeeding. 



Some data on mitochondrial and other cytological changes in the renal 

 epithelium on dry diets as well as total inanition (by Takaki '07, Kolster 'n, 

 Suzuki '12, and Arnold '14) were mentioned on a previous page, under functional 

 changes, hibernation, etc. 



Rosenfeld ('86) pointed out the danger that Oertel's obesity cure, involving a 

 reduction of liquids in the diet, may produce degenerative changes in the kid- 

 neys, as well as in the heart and nervous system. 



