EFFECTS ON THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS 237 



deficit was discussed by Gerstenberger ('18), which recalls the fundamental 

 work of Herbst (mentioned above). Bierrich ('19) thought the capillary 

 damage might be due to the lack of some N-containing building stone in the 

 capillary endothelium. Wallgren ('21) calls attention to the occurrence of 

 scorbutic edema, likewise due to an abnormal permeability of the capillary walls. 

 Endarteritis of the medium sized arteries has also been observed by Ide ('22), 

 and Sato and Nambu state that the aorta sometimes shows sclerosis. The 

 increased permeability of the capillary walls has been used by Hess ('14) in his 

 "capillary resistance test" in the diagnosis of scurvy. The whole question is 

 thoroughly reviewed by Hess ('20). 



Findlay ('21a) has recently discussed the vascular changes in guinea pig 

 scurvy, which appear to involve a primary interference with the nutrition of 

 the capillary endothelium. The endothelium becomes swollen and degenerated, 

 producing congestion. This occasions increased transudation of fluid through 

 the capillary wall, and, as the intercellular substance is weakened, leads to 

 diapedesis and characteristic hemorrhages. Hojer ('24) ascribes the hemorrhages 

 to a weakness of the vascular wall, caused by an atrophy of the collagenous 

 connective tissues, which is considered characteristic of scurvy. 



Aqueous Inanition. — In a dog on dry diet, Pernice and Scagliosi ('95a) 

 found the blood vessels generally congested (passive hyperemia) and showing 

 degenerative changes, notably in the nervous system and viscera (especially the 

 kidneys). Similarly in young chickens, chronic thirst involved vascular 

 congestion in the capillaries and larger vessels. In the aorta and right carotid, 

 marked hyperemia, small hemorrhages and round cell infiltration were noted in 

 the tunica adventitia and tunica media, although the intima showed but slight 

 changes. Kudo ('21a) made observations indicating an apparent increase in 

 the weight of the aorta in young albino rats subjected to chronic thirst for 

 various periods. 



