EFFECTS ON THE ALIMENTARY CANAL 



3*9 



a very marked reduction in the size of the cells, the loss being relatively greater 

 than that of the body as a whole. The nuclei are more resistant than the cyto- 

 plasm, and therefore become relatively larger; also more elongated in form. 

 The normal size and proportions are soon restored upon refeeding. 



villus 



J 





n^.85 



5.m. 

 .m. 

 -l.m. 



Fig. 87 





Fig. 85 to 87. — From sections through the duodenum of albino rats. Bouin's fixation; 

 hematoxylin-eosin stain. X50. l.m., longitudinal muscle layer; cm., circular muscle; s.m., 

 submucosa; b.v., blood vessel; gl.L, intestinal glands (of Lieberkuhn). (Miller '23.) 



Fig. 85 shows the structure of the duodenum in an initial control rat; age 2 days; body 

 weight, 6.5 g. Fig. 86 is the final (age) control; age 35 days; body weight, 48 g. 

 Fig. 87 represents the condition in the test rat, underfed from birth to 34 days of age; body 

 weight, 7.6 g. Note that the villi have disintegrated into an irregular mass filling the 

 intestinal lumen. The bases of the atrophic intestinal glands (gl.l.) are evident. 



In Necturus maculatus fasting 4-16 months, Smallwood and Rogers ('n) 

 found atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, submucosa and muscularis, with 

 degenerative changes (shrinkage and vacuolation) in the surface cells, especially 

 over the longitudinal folds. 



B riming ('14) found a relative elongation in the intestine of young rats with 

 retarded body growth on a one-sided carbohydrate diet. 



