350 INANITION AND MALNUTRITION 



Epithelialzellen des Pankreas bildet die Umwandlung derselben in helle, 

 durchsichtige, glanzende, # sich nicht farbende, polygonale Zellen, die ganze 

 Anhaufungen bilden und denen von Professor Podwyssozky die Beziechnung 

 'Pseudofollikeln' beigelegt worden ist. Dank meinen Untersuchungen und 

 denen des Professor Lewaschew ist es erforderlich, gegenwartig jene irrige 

 Meinung vollkommen zu lassen, dass namlich jede Zellhaufungen lymphatische 

 Gebilde darstellen; und zwar erwiesen sie sich als nichts Anderes als das Resultat 

 einer intensiven Veranderungen der Drlisenzelle." 



Statkewitsch found in the pancreas cells during fasting an early increase in 

 the outer homogeneous zone at the expense of the inner, granular zymogenic 

 zone. The latter finally disappears, and the outer zone may stain more deeply. 

 The acinar cells become smaller and more irregular in form, and may coalesce 

 into syncytial masses with pycnotic nuclei. (Similar masses, "points folli- 

 culaires" were considered as lymph follicles by Renaut, and as "pseudofollicles" 

 by Podwyssozky '82). While these masses resemble the islets of Langerhans, 

 Statkewitsch agrees with Lewaschew ('86) that they are merely modified 

 glandular epithelium. Such groups occur oftener in the fasting dog and cat, 

 less often in the rabbit, guinea pig and pigeon. Intermediate forms also occur. 

 The cylindrical cells lining the larger pancreatic ducts show cloudy swelling in 

 the earlier stages of inanition; later there is granular degeneration, occasionally 

 fatty degeneration and desquamation. No difference appears with or without 

 water. The nuclei of the pancreas (as elsewhere) in general are less affected 

 than the cytoplasm. They may become irregular in form, especially in the duct ; 

 and the nuclei in pycnosis may be reduced one-half in diameter. Vesicular 

 nuclei are rare. 



In guinea pigs on total inanition with average losses of 10, 20, 30 and 36 per 

 cent in body weight, Lazareff ('95) found corresponding losses of 3.33, 5-33, 

 24.67 and 39.33 per cent in the pancreas (Table 5). The pancreas therefore 

 apparently loses relatively little in the earlier stages of inanition, but undergoes 

 marked atrophy later. Cell measurements indicated that at body loss of 20 

 per cent the pancreas cells had lost only 7 per cent in volume; but at body loss of 

 36 per cent the pancreas cells lost 42 per cent. The nuclear loss was very slight. 



Carlier ('96) found the pancreas gland cells apparently active and rich in 

 zymogen granules in the hedgehog at the end of hibernation. The islets of 

 Langerhans appear small but numerous, with many large cells containing 

 eosinophile granules. 



Gulland ('98) in fasting salmon reported that "The pancreas was not often 

 present in the portions of salmon from the rivers received for examination, but 

 where it was to be seen the cells were generally shrunken and shrivelled, and 

 contained no granules." 



Brunner (unpublished work under Lukianow) in fasting rabbits with loss of 

 35 per cent in body weight found in the pancreas cells an average decrease of 

 10.11 per cent in length and 13.25 per cent in breadth; in the nuclei, the length 

 decreased 3.09 per cent and the breadth 6.9 per cent. 



Jarotzky ('98, '99) made extensive measurements on the diameters of the 

 pancreas cells and nuclei in 5 series of white mice on total inanition and three 



