EFFECTS ON THE PANCREAS AND SALIVARY GLANDS 



351 



diets, with controls. There was a loss of about 30 per cent in body weight in 

 each of the 4 test groups, with changes in cell measurements (compared with 

 controls) as shown in the accompanying table. A distribution table was also 



Effects of Various Diets upon the Dimensions of the Cells in the Pancreas of White 



Mice (Jarotzky) 



given, grouped according to nuclear dimensions. The zymogen granules were 

 markedly reduced in number during inanition and sugar diets, with certain 

 changes on starch and tallow diets. The islets of Langerhans appeared as 

 independent organs (not modified acini). "Sie betheiligen sich an deren 

 secretorischen Thatigkeit, soweit man nach der Hypertrophic der anliegenden 

 Lobuli und dem Reichtum derselben an Zymogen-Kornelungen beurtheilen 

 kann, welche unter gewissen Verhaltnissen (haupsachlich bei totaler Inanition, 

 ferner bei ausschliesslicher Talgdiat, sowie mitunter an normalen Thieren) 

 beobachtet werden." 



Nikolaides ('99) found in the cells of the pancreas and other glands of fasting 

 dogs abundant fat granules, which he assumed to be derived by metamorphosis 

 of the cell-proteins. 



Sedlmair ('99) found in 2 starved cats, with losses of 51 and 55 per cent in 

 body weight, a relatively slightly greater loss in the weight of the pancreas. 



Laguesse ('99) maintained that the islets of Langerhans are not permanent 

 structures, but capable of transformation into exocrine tissue, especially in 

 certain favorable places, such as the tail of the pancreas in certain snakes (adder). 

 Here the islets appear to be reduced to a minimum in number and volume in a 

 few days of fasting, but after a longer inanition period (at least 6 weeks) they 

 increase to a maximum in size and abundance. Laguesse ('09) likewise claimed 

 to produce in the pigeon an experimental transformation of pancreatic acini 

 into islets, and vice versa. In controls and refed animals he found 1.45-5.27 

 islets per cu. mm., while after fasting 8 days the number was increased, ranging 

 from 2.69 to 8.42. Laguesse ('09a) reviewed more fully, his "balance" theory 

 of the islet metamorphosis in man. 



Ssobolew ('02) found granules in the islet cells of transplanted pancreas 

 (dog), most numerous during fasting and decreased on feeding carbohydrates. 

 Konstantinowitsch ('03) in starving rabbits described the pancreatic cells as 

 decreased in size and indistinct in contour. Fat droplets were found in a few of 



